Category: Seminars

The ME-EM Graduate Seminar speaker on Thursday, April 23 at 4:00 in 103 EERC will be Dr. Reza Tafreshi from Texas A&M University at Qatar.

The title of his presentation will be ‘Development of a Low Dimensional Two-Phase Thermal Model for Subsea Pipelines’.

Rising global energy demand has led to new operational challenges in unfamiliar environments, with higher temperature gradients. The challenges directly address safety, environmental and economic issues. Due to the low subsea temperatures and relatively higher petroleum fluid temperature in deep water pipelines, convectional heat losses occur from the petroleum fluids to the surroundings. This heat transfer is necessary to be considered, to ensure the proper flow of petroleum fluids. While conventional equivalent heat transfer models are easier to compute, they are not accurate enough to reflect the changes that would occur within a fluid due to different multiphase flow regimes and proportions. The objective is to develop a low dimensional and low computational equivalent thermal model of subsea fluids, which can predict two-phase fluid temperatures along insulated subsea pipelines. The developed heat transfer model combines the application of two-phase heat transfer coefficient model with fluid properties obtained from a low dimensional fluid model developed by our group. The presented model identifies the effect of heat transfer in subsea pipelines for two-phase fluids for normal operating and shut-down conditions. This model, when compared with industry standard software, showed that results were obtained with similar accuracy with approximately 1000 times less computational time.
Some other current research activities will be also discussed.

Reza Tafreshi received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 1991 and 1995, respectively, and his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering from the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada, in 2005. He was a site engineer and then a project manager at PoloDej Company, Tehran, from 1995 to 1999. From 1999 to 2000, he was a Research Engineer with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, UBC. Dr. Tafreshi was a recipient of the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Award, Canada, and was a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UBC, from 2005 to 2006. He was a Visiting Assistant Professor with Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, in 2006. In 2007, he joined Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar, where he is currently an Assistant Professor. His research fields include dynamic systems and controls, machine fault diagnosis, condition monitoring, and biomedical engineering.

The ME-EM Graduate Seminar speaker on Thursday, April 16 at 4:00 in 103 EERC will be Dr. Emmanuel Gdoutos, Professor at Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, Adjunct Professor at Northwestern University. The title of his presentation will be ‘Multiscale Mechanical And Fracture Characterization Of Cementitious Nanocomposites.”

Results are presented for the mechanical and fracture properties of cementitous materials reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The MWCNTs and CNFs were dispersed in water by applying ultrasonic energy and using a surfactant. Three-point bending tests were performed to obtain the mechanical and fracture properties. The nanomechanical stiffness of the nanocomposites was investigated by nanoindentation tests. It was found that the modulus of elasticity and flexural strength increase substantially for a reinforcement of 0.08 wt.%. Fracture mechanics characterization of these materials was also performed. The excellent reinforcing capabilities of MWCNTs and CNFs are demonstrated by a significant improvement in critical stress intensity factor and critical strain energy release rate resulting in advanced materials for civil engineering applications.

Dr. Emmanuel E. Gdoutos is Professor at the Democritus University of Thrace, Greece and Adjunct Professor at Northwestern University. He is member of European and national academies worldwide, Fellow of technical societies and received medals and awards from technical societies. Recently, a special issue of the journal Meccanica was published in his honor. He received an honorary Ph.D. from the Russian Academy of Sciences and the University of Nis, Serbia. He is author of over 300 technical papers and 17 books and editor of 18 books. He served as Editor-in-chief of Strain (2007-2010), President of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS) (2006-2010), chairman of the European Association for Experimental Mechanics (EURASEM) (2003-2007), President of the Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM) (2013-2014).

The ME-EM Graduate Seminar speaker on Thursday, April 9 at 4:00 in 103 EERC will be Dr. Margot Hutchins from Sandia National Laboratory.

The title of her presentation will be ‘Building the Basis for Cybersecurity and Cyber Resilience in Critical Infrastructure’.

Increasing connectivity, use of digital computation, and off-site data storage provide potential for dramatic improvements in the effectiveness of many systems (e.g., energy, manufacturing, financial services, transportation). However, there are also risks associated with this increased connectivity as well as the volume and pervasiveness of data that are generated. The inherent trust among components of digital information and communications infrastructure provides ample opportunity for those with ill intent to do harm. Organizations have experienced cyber attacks that exfiltrate confidential and/or proprietary data, alter information to cause an unexpected or unwanted effect, and destroy capital assets. Given this complex and dynamic landscape, mitigating risk is an important strategy, but it may be necessary to ensure that critical infrastructure is resilient, that is, able to efficiently reduce both the magnitude and duration of the deviation for targeted system performance levels. Metrics and tools are needed to incorporate these considerations into existing risk management processes and to evaluate possible mitigation measures. This seminar will focus on two efforts to identify cybersecurity issues and the characteristics of cyber resilience. We will examine a framework that considers the data flows within a manufacturing enterprise and throughout its supply chain, which provides several mechanisms for identifying generic and manufacturing-specific cyber vulnerabilities. We will also consider how several existing modeling and simulation capabilities could be integrated to address resilience in the electric grid.

Dr. Margot J. Hutchins is a Senior Member of Technical Staff at Sandia National Laboratories. She currently conducts systems analysis in support of U.S. national security objectives, including cyber resilience of critical infrastructure and international engagement on the implementation of nuclear detection architectures. She received her Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics at Michigan Technological University, where she focused on supporting the inclusion of the social dimension of sustainability in business, manufacturing, and design decision making by developing relevant indicators and techniques. She was a postdoctoral scholar and later a research engineer in the Laboratory for Manufacturing and Sustainability at the University of California, Berkeley. There, Dr. Hutchins had the opportunity to work with industrial, regulatory, and other stakeholders on a variety of projects, including establishment of a benchmarking methodology to support California’s cap-and-trade program and development of key sustainability performance indicators for a large retailer’s suppliers.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000

Dr. Margot J. Hutchins is a Senior Member of Technical Staff at Sandia National Laboratories. She currently conducts systems analysis in support of U.S. national security objectives, including cyber resilience of critical infrastructure and international engagement on the implementation of nuclear detection architectures. She received her Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics at Michigan Technological University, where she focused on supporting the inclusion of the social dimension of sustainability in business, manufacturing, and design decision making by developing relevant indicators and techniques. She was a postdoctoral scholar and later a research engineer in the Laboratory for Manufacturing and Sustainability at the University of California, Berkeley. There, Dr. Hutchins had the opportunity to work with industrial, regulatory, and other stakeholders on a variety of projects, including establishment of a benchmarking methodology to support California’s cap-and-trade program and development of key sustainability performance indicators for a large retailer’s suppliers.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

The ME-EM Graduate Seminar speaker on Thursday, April 2 at 4:00 in 103 EERC will be Dr. Robert Keynton from Chair, Professor & Lutz Endowed Chair, Dept. of Bioengineering (W.H. Coulter Foundation Partner)Engineering Innovations Program Manager, Office of the Assoc. VP Research & Innovation Fellow, American Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering
University of Louisville, Louisville, KY.

The title of his presentation will be ‘Micro/Nanotechnologies for Field Deployable Environmental Sensing & Biomedical Applications’.

Micro/nanofabrication techniques have become a crucial tool for creating high resolution and/or high sensitivity devices for a wide variety of applications including biomedical, environmental, and space exploration. For example, inexpensive microfabricated sensors combined with low power instrumentation offer unique advantages for remote, electrochemically-based environmental sensing Our group has been actively engaged in the development of coulometric stripping techniques for calibration-free detection of heavy metals with limits of detection on the order of picomoles. Additionally, our group has developed a direct-write process to fabricate micro/nanoscale polymeric fibers to create microfluidic and tissue scaffold structures. Another area of research includes the development of a custom-designed, flexible, thin-film microelectrode array directly interfaced to a multichannel signal conditioning microchip to enable high-quality recordings of the electrical activities of the heart with high spatial resolution, on the order of individual myocytes, to attain valuable information required for studying the mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. These projects and others will be presented in this seminar.

Robert S. Keynton is currently the chair, professor and the Lutz Endowed Chair of Biomechanical Devices of the Department of Bioengineering at the University of Louisville (UofL). He received the B.S. degree in engineering science and mechanics from Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, in 1987, the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in biomedical engineering from the University of Akron, Akron, OH, in 1990 and 1995, respectively. In 1995, he joined the Biomedical Engineering program at Louisiana Tech University (LTU) as an Assistant Professor and became the Associate Director of Engineering for the Center of Applied Physics Studies in 1997 at LTU.

Since joining UofL in 1999 as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Keynton has served as the Sr. Associate Director of the UofL Micro/NanoTechnology Center and the interim Scientific Director of the Cardiovascular Innovation Institute. He was named the founding chair of the new Department of Bioengineering in 2005 and promoted to full professor and named a University Scholar in 2006. He co-founded two companies, Assenti, LLC and Ultra Trace Dectection, LLC with colleagues at UofL. He was named a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) in 2007, elected to the AIMBE Board of Directors in 2012, recognized by the Houston Society of Engineering in Medicine and Biology as the 2001 Outstanding Young Scientist of the Year, has 101 peer-reviewed publications (both journal and conference), 128 conference papers, 5 book chapters, 6 patents issued, 11 provisional/non-provisional patents and 10 research disclosures. He has been involved in multidisciplinary research that includes funding from NIH, NSF, DHS, DOE, DoD, NASA, VA, Coulter Foundation & Helmsley Trust.

April 2nd Seminar PDF

The ME-EM Graduate Seminar speaker on Thursday, March 26 at 4:00 in 103 EERC will be Dr. Chester Wilson, Associate Professor—Electrical Engineering and the Institute for Micromanufacturing (IfM), Louisiana Tech University.

The title of his presentation will be ‘Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Americas Strategic Challenges’.

A variety of significant challenges face the United States and the world in the next few decades. My research group works on micro and nanotechnologies that we hope might provide some help towards meeting these challenges. Our group develops nanoparticle doped radiological scintillators that produce high specificity in neutron detection. This is important as nuclear weapons product neutrons and little else does. We have developed a nanostructured catalyst that is bulk produced to facilitate converting natural gas to synthetic gasoline and diesel. An economic proof of principle five million dollar pilot plant is being constructed in Louisiana. Regular bullets do not support mounted sensors, as they accelerate too fast. Our group has developed rocket bullets, which accelerate at 500G’s, while still reaching traditional velocities. We are also working with nanoparticle doped electrospun polymers and filaments for 3D printing to develop a variety of applications for the Department of Defense.

Dr. Chester Wilson is currently an Associate Professor with the department of Electrical Engineering and the Institute for Micromanufacturing (IfM) at Louisiana Tech University. He is a faculty affiliate with Physics, Microsystems, and Nanotechnology. He received his BS in Electrical Engineering at Seattle University in 1991, his MS in Applied Physics at the University of Washington-Seattle in 1996, and his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2002. Dr. Wilson’s research experience is in Micro/Nanosystems, E and M waves/Plasmas, and Optical detection systems. He has an active research program in the areas of Homeland security detection systems, synthetic energy, nuclear monitoring, DoD Anti-tamper, and munitions. He is involved in numerous ongoing research projects with the industrial partners, DoE, Air Force, Army, and DoD. His previous work on plasma based, EM experiment/modeling, optical devices and radiological systems has been published in over 30 journals, such as JMEMS, IEEE Transaction on Electron Devices, and the Journal of Applied Physics. Dr. Wilson has over fifteen patents, fifty invention disclosures, has multiple corporate IP licenses, and has been awarded over 10 million dollars in research grants/contracts.

March 26th Seminar PDF

The ME-EM Graduate Seminar speaker on Thursday, March 19 at 4:00 in 103 EERC will be Dr. Masahiro Kawaji from City College of New York.

The title of his presentation will be ‘Characterization of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows in Micro to Nuclear Reactors’.

Gas-liquid two-phase flow is encountered in many types of reactors ranging from microreactors with microchannels to bioreactors for fuel production and nuclear reactors for power production. Over the past 35 years, the author has worked on two-phase flow characterization using many different measurement techniques. In this talk, typical applications of both popular and unique measurement methods to flow channels varying in size from microchannels to 2-ft diameter piping in nuclear reactors will be discussed. The principle utilized in each measurement technique will be explained as well as the data obtained to highlight their advantages and limitations. Besides the popular high-speed imaging technique, the following measurement techniques will be discussed in this presentation.
For microchannels: Light and X-ray attenuation, high-speed imaging, confocal laser displacement sensor.
For nuclear reactors and bioreactors: Optical void probe, gamma densitometry, electric resistance tomography, borescope, Pitot tube, Hot Wire Anemometry, photochromic dye activation.

Masahiro Kawaji is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the City College of New York (CCNY) and Associate Director of the Energy Institute at the City University of New York (CUNY). He moved from the University of Toronto in January, 2009, to conduct energy-related research involving multiphase flow and heat transfer and to develop a nuclear engineering program. He received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in nuclear engineering from UC Berkeley and has over thirty years of experience in conducting multiphase flow/heat transfer research and teaching of chemical, mechanical and nuclear engineering courses. He has published over 350 archival papers in the fields of two-phase flow and phase change heat transfer, microfluidics, nuclear reactor thermal-hydraulics, heat pipes, microgravity fluid physics and transport phenomena, advanced instrumentation, free surface problems, compact heat exchangers, and thermal energy storage systems with phase change materials. He is a Fellow of ASME, the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and Chemical Institute of Canada. In 2013, he received the Donald Q. Kern Award for contributions to the field of heat transfer. He has served on the Editorial Advisory Boards of the International Journal of Multiphase Flow and Process Mechanical Engineering, and is currently serving on the Editorial Board of the Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. He has also served on the organizing and scientific committees of numerous international conferences, including the ASME International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels & Minichannels (ICNMM) since its inception in 2003.

March 19th Seminar PDF

The ME-EM Graduate Seminar speaker on Thursday, March 3 at 4:00 in 103 EERC will be Dr. Karl Walczak from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

The title of his presentation will be ‘Artificial Photosynthesis Prototypes’.

Sunlight is one of the most abundant potential energy sources available and yet it only contributes about 1% of the global energy supply. Today, there are a variety of technologies being developed to harness solar energy. One such technology is photoelectrical chemical solar fuel generation, generally referred to as artificial photosynthesis (AP). Unlike solar cells, which convert sunlight directly to electrical potential, AP converts sunlight to chemical potential, i.e., by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. This research is focused on establishing methodologies, technologies, and analytical tools for developing and analyzing AP prototypes. We are currently, developing AP prototypes with >10% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficient using III-V compound semiconductor materials and exploring methods to improve their performance at relevant scales. Ongoing research aims to enable large-scale implementation by improving efficiency, increasing lifetime, establishing manufacturing processes and systems, and decreasing life cycle environmental impacts, which will all support reduced prospective costs.

Dr. Karl Walczak is a Project Scientist, in the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. JCAP aims to develop a cost-effective and carbon-neutral artificial solar fuel generation technology. The organization includes engineers and scientists with a range of expertise including: chemists, physicists, theoreticians, and chemical, electrical, mechanical and manufacturing engineers. Dr. Walczak integrates research findings related to catalysts, membranes, light absorber, and component interfaces into functional prototypes to guide further research. His work is involves designing, fabricating, and developing analytical tools to assess these artificial photosynthetic prototypes. His current research effort is focused on the development of high efficiency artificial photosynthesis prototypes: >10% solar to hydrogen energy conversion efficiency and device lifetimes >10 hours. He is interested in the challenges of scale-up and manufacturing, especially with respect to life cycle costs and environmental impacts.
Dr. Walczak received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics from Michigan Technological University, with Prof. Craig Friedrich serving as his advisor. His doctoral research involved designing, fabricating, and validating a sensor platform. The two main components of the sensor platform were bacteriorhodopsin, a light sensitive cellular membrane protein, and a single electron transistor. After graduating, he conducted research to support ultra high speed data transmission in aerospace applications, which involved fabricating polymer optical waveguides, integrating them with printed wiring boards, and developing board-level high-speed optical interconnects.

March 3rd Seminar PDFr

The ME-EM Graduate Seminar speaker on Thursday, February 26 at 4:00 in 103 EERC will be Dr. J. G. Pharoah professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Fuel Cell Research Centre at the Royal Military College of Canada at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario.

The title of his presentation will be ‘Multi-Scale Modelling Tools for Fuel Cell Development’.

Fuel cells inherently involve phenomena occurring over a wide range of length scales, from the molecular scale on electro-catalyst surfaces through various scales of porous media including catalyst layers, micro-porous layers porous transport layers, to gas supply channels within a cell and finally to the manifolds at the stack scale. In total, length scales spanning about 10 orders of magnitude are of interest to the fuel cell developer.

This talk will discuss the various tools developed to represent phenomena occurring from the catalyst scale to the stack scale and methods for coupling information from the various scales. These tools include the ability to model arbitrary porous materials comprising multiple solid phases and to model transport phe-nomena and electrochemical reactions in these materials using both virtual porous media and experimen-tally determined geometries. At the next scale, full cell models are developed and are capable of modelling both beginning of life performance and selected degradation mechanisms. Finally, at the largest scale en-tire stack simulations are carried out and can be used to explore temperature distributions within a stack as well as stack manifold design. The talk will highlight and present the open source software developed for these analysie and discuss the application of the tools to the design of superior fuel cells.

J. G. Pharoah is a professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Queen’s—RMC fuel cell research centre, which he co-founded. Dr. Pharoah obtained his M. A. Sc and Ph D degrees in Mechanical Engi-neering from the University of Victoria’s Institute for Integrated Ener-gy Systems and has been working with energy systems, with an empha-sis on fuel cells, for more than a decade. Dr. Pharoah has been invited to spend some time at the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and has given invited and keynote lectures at many international conferences, universities, and companies. He regularly sits on the scientific commit-tees of international conferences and works actively with several lead-ing fuel cell developers to help overcome the challenges necessary for the large scale commercial success of fuel cells in clean energy systems.

February 26th Seminar PDF