Tag: geology

Michigan Tech’s GMES Department Receives State-of-the-Art Software from PE Limited

MOVE, a geologic modeling software, provides a full digital environment for best-practice structural modeling to reduce risk and uncertainty in geological models.

Michigan Technological University’s Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences (GMES) has received a generous donation from PE Limited, a global leader in petroleum engineering software. The $2,764,444.11 contribution consists of ten licenses for the state-of-the-art MOVE suite. This innovative software will be critical in advancing education and academic research by enabling cutting-edge structural modeling and minimizing risk in geological models.

GMES will install the MOVE software in a computer lab and integrate it into the curriculum, transforming structural geology education for undergraduate and graduate students. Courses like GE3050 Structural Geology, a requirement for GMES undergraduates, and graduate-level classes will leverage this powerful tool to enhance learning outcomes. Furthermore, MOVE will play a vital role in academic, non-commercial research on tectonics and structural geology, including mapping Michigan’s iconic Keweenaw Fault and other complex systems in the Upper Peninsula.

Dr. Aleksey Smirnov, Chair of the GMES Department, believes in the donation’s transformative impact. “This generous donation from PE Limited is a game-changer for our department,” said Dr. Aleksey Smirnov. It empowers our students and researchers to work with industry-leading tools, elevating their education and research to the next level.”

Since its founding in 1990, PE Limited has been developing software solutions for the oil and gas industry. PE Limited supports accredited universities offering advanced geology and petroleum engineering programs through its educational licensing program, fostering the next generation of industry innovators.

Learn more about the MOVE suite and its role in shaping geologic modeling excellence.

Do you know why MTU stands today?

Today (12.6.2024) is National Miners Day to honor the miners who provide the raw materials and minerals essential to our nation’s needs. Without mining, we wouldn’t have the critical materials that build our homes, infrastructure, electronics, or the resources that fuel our economy. From the roads we drive on to the technology we depend on, mining is the foundation of modern life. They are the reason MTU stands today!

Michigan Tech campus as captured using a drone.

Michigan Technological University (MTU) was founded in 1885 as the Michigan Mining School (MSM). In the mid-19th century, the discovery of copper in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula led to a surge of prospecting and speculation in the Houghton area. However, early mining attempts often failed due to a lack of technical knowledge. Recognizing this gap, the State of Michigan established a school dedicated to training professionals to develop the state’s copper and iron mining industries.

An early sketch of the Cliff Mine shows mine buildings in the background and stumps and logs in the foreground. The illustration is attributed to “Lossing-Barritt,” probably referring to Benson John Lossing and William Barritt, active illustrators of the late Nineteenth Century—photo courtesy of Michigan Tech Archives.

Although Governor Blair signed a bill to create the Michigan Mining School in 1861, the Civil War delayed funding and implementation. The state did not allocate the necessary funds until 1885, and in 1886, the school officially began operations. With a faculty of four and an initial enrollment of 23 students (9 to start, but increased to 23 by mid-year), the first classes were held in the basement of the Houghton Fire Hall (now known as the Continental Fire Co). By 1891, the school had more students than any such school in the country! GMES faculty and students now utilize state-of-the-art labs and equipment to drive their studies forward.

The first School Principal and Department Head, Albert Williams, Jr., was born in California. He is said to have graduated from Princeton. He worked for the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from its conception in 1879 until he moved to Houghton in 1886. After only working one year at MSM (he returned to USGS, where he worked for approximately 12 more years. Williams had three USGS publications on mineral statistics and two papers about precious metal ore deposits. He co-authored four others on mineral mining statistics with John Wesley Powell.

Oh, how photography has evolved over the years! Thanks to the Michigan Tech Archives, Albert Williams, Jr.’s portrait is preserved and made available.
This is a photo of Houghton’s original town hall and first home of Michigan Mining School, courtesy of Michigan Tech Archives. The rent was $25 per month, covering equipment costs and staff payroll.

What classes did the first students here take compared to today’s curriculum? We know they learned the following, but we can’t help but imagine what they would have thought about our Drilling & Blasting class:

  • Mining Engineering – Covering the principles and practices of mining, including mine design, operations, and safeguarding.  (Knowing the safety protocols have been refined is comforting.)
  • Geology and Mineralogy – Essential for understanding the ore deposits of the Keweenaw Peninsula.
  • Chemistry – Focused on chemical analysis for mining applications.
  • Mathematics and Physics – Providing the foundational knowledge needed for engineering calculations.
  • Surveying – Vital for mapping and planning mining operations.

These courses were designed to meet the practical needs of the mining industry, aligning with the school’s mission to support the region’s economic development. Over time, the curriculum evolved to include broader engineering and scientific disciplines, eventually leading to the university’s modern, diversified offerings.

Surveying equipment, Michigan Mining School. Photo courtesy of Michigan Tech Archives.

The Mining Club, a branch of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, was organized in the winter of 1930 so that mining students might hear men of experience in mining work and might discuss and demonstrate modern methods. Membership was limited to the current mining and geological students of twenty-four. It met every other week in the clubhouse if conditions permitted. Every other meeting was a business meeting, which included a discussion by the student members of some interesting topic. At the different sessions, an outside speaker discussed with the club members some engineering subjects of interest to both the guest speaker and the club. As demonstrated through our engaged AIPG student chapter, clubs are as crucial to students now as they were a century ago.

The group photo of the 1934 Mining Club (courtesy of Michigan Tech Archives) captures the timeless elegance of student attire from nearly a century ago.

With its historical roots in mining, MTU has built a strong reputation in geology. Its geological engineering program is highly esteemed for its focus on applied fieldwork and resource exploration, while the field geology and field geophysics courses are particularly outstanding.

Field geology with engineering applications during the summer of 2024.
Ryan Cocke provided images from the geology field class Dr. Chad Deering taught in 2024. After this wrapped up, Dr. Jeremy Shannon instructed field geophysics.

The school’s first official seal, which utilizes a rock hammer as a background for the letters MSM, highlights the mining and geology disciplines that comprised its main course of study. The university’s original mission was to educate engineers and professionals to support the mining industry, vital to the local economy. We pay tribute to this heritage through solid programs in mining engineering, geological engineering, and related fields. Nearly 100 percent of MTU mining engineering grads find employment within their field of study, enlist in the military, or enroll in graduate school within six months of graduation.

MSM logo

MTU’s legacy in mining has helped shape its identity as a leader in engineering, technology, environmental science, and beyond. While the university’s offerings have diversified to include disciplines like AI, business, cyber security, and nursing, its connection to mining continues to define its academic and cultural heritage. Preserving historic copper mining records is at the heart of an exciting new project at MTU led by James DeGraff.

In the A.E. Seaman Mineral Museum, we see the essence of our department. Founded initially within our department, this remarkable museum is one of the rare mineralogical museums still situated at a U.S. university. Now, just up the road, it remains a favorite destination for appreciating nature’s remarkable wonders. Its ongoing presence reflects the university’s dedication to minerals and plays a key role in our legacy.

Mining has evolved from humans finding minerals on the surface to looking deep underground. Tasks once accomplished with hand tools are now being transformed by autonomous vehicles and human-machine interfaces. Automation allows safer and more efficient operations. AI and intelligent mining systems allow more accurate mineral mapping for increased profits. Environmental considerations are central to this approach, which includes using low-emission vehicles, low-carbon binders, and repurposing mine tailings as substitutes for virgin materials.

So, today, National Miners Day, we honor MTU’s deep-rooted legacy and profound contributions to mining and geological sciences. We stand on the shoulders of those who came before us—thank you to past and present faculty whose passion, dedication, and expertise continue to inspire and shape the next generation of scientists and engineers. We also celebrate our remarkable alumni and friends, whose contributions to the field help propel the success of our current students and strengthen our community. Thank you!

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o4EHX_3bFpeeWdhAm9sSd0-B1cwgHL55/view?usp=sharing

Aiden Harmon competed in a mining games competition this summer in Alaska, showcasing skill, innovation, and the spirit of hands-on learning. The event was Juneau Gold Rush Days, sponsored by Kensington Mine and Greens Creek Mine, Coeur Mining, and Hecla Mining, respectively. It was a great event that engaged the Juneau area’s mining community and the general population and preserved the history of traditional mining methods.

Sources:
https://www.mtu.edu
https://www.mtu.edu/library/archives/
https://www.msha.gov/about/about/history/national-miners-day
https://www.mtu.edu/library/archives/
https://www.nps.gov/places/a-e-seaman-mineral-museum.htm
https://aimehq.org/
https://museum.mtu.edu/
https://www.involvement.mtu.edu/
https://www.mtu.edu/physics/department/history/1885-1900/

Exciting the next generation of earth scientists and engineers—SYP middle school students visited Adventure Mine to try their hand at drilling this summer.

Recognizing Excellence: A Tribute to Fall 2024 GMES Outstanding Awardees

Sananda Ray received the Outstanding Graduate Teaching Award, recognizing her teaching performance for Computational Geosciences (GE3250) in the spring 2024 semester. Sananda is a Ph.D. candidate in geophysics with plans to graduate next year under the guidance of her advisor, Radwin Askari. She joined us in the summer of 2021 from Cooch Behar, India. She shares some of her insights on MTU in this Q&A. View her publications at this link.

Jhuleyssy Liesseth Sánchez Aguilar has been awarded the Dean’s Award for Outstanding Scholarship, which recognizes her exceptional academic performance. Jhuleyssy expects to complete her MS in geological engineering this month, December 2024, under the guidance of her advisor, Snehamoy Chatterjee. She is firmly committed to inspiring the next generation of geologists and engineers. She joined us in the spring of 2023 from Cajamarca, Peru, as part of the Fulbright Perú and Newmont ALAC programs.

Sananda and Jhuleyssy pose for a photo in celebration of their accomplishments.

The GMES Department is honored to recognize such outstanding students! A certificate of recognition for these awards will be presented at the Graduate Research Colloquium Banquet held this spring. While these awards are not monetary, the recipients should feel honored by the recognition of their accomplishments. Way to rock, ladies!

Sananda Ray is pictured presenting her research poster at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting in 2023.
Jhuleyssy Liesseth Sánchez Aguily defended her geological engineering master’s research on December 2nd, 2024.

Leading the Charge in Climate Science: Join Dr. Xin Xi at Michigan Tech

Dr. Xin Xi is excited to mentor and collaborate with the next generation of scholars.

Dr. Xin Xi is at the forefront of climate science, and Michigan Tech offers the chance to be part of his transformative work. Focusing on the life cycle of atmospheric aerosols and their far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, air quality, and climate, Dr. Xi tackles critical global challenges such as desertification and air pollution through remote sensing, in situ measurements, and advanced modeling techniques.

Dr. Xi and his team address pressing environmental and human health issues by combining cutting-edge research with innovative approaches. Supported by prestigious grants, including NASA’s LCLUC program, Dr. Xi’s work is shaping the future of climate science and inspiring the next generation of problem-solvers.

Going back to the vault, in this MTU research blog, Dr. Xi explains how airborne dust aerosols impact the Earth in various ways and shares how he believes the surface synoptic observations have not yet been used to their full potential, leading him to develop a unified dust-climate data record.

Since joining Michigan Tech, Dr. Xin Xi has significantly contributed to geoscience education, teaching advanced geoinformatics courses, introduction to GIS, and Python programming for geosciences. His Geoinformatics Graduate Certificate is widely recognized for its excellence and relevance in preparing students for the demands of modern geospatial research and industry applications.

Join Michigan Tech, where Professor Xi leads, and you excel.

MTU campus viewed from across the frozen snow-covered canal.
Michigan Technological University campus as viewed from across the frozen Portage canal.

Small but Mighty: GMES Department at Michigan Tech Earns AGU Bridge Program Recertification

The Michigan Technological University campus before sunset on a summer evening, as seen from the vantage point of Mont Ripley’s front yard with purple lupins in the foreground.
MTU campus before sunset on a summer evening, as seen from Mont Ripley’s front yard.

We are thrilled to announce that the Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences (GMES) at Michigan Technological University has been awarded recertification in the prestigious American Geophysical Union (AGU) and Inclusive Graduate Education Network’s (IGEN) Bridge Program. This recognition underscores our commitment to fostering a diverse, equitable, and inclusive community in the Earth and space sciences.

The AGU Bridge Program plays a crucial role in broadening participation in geosciences by supporting underrepresented students as they pursue graduate studies. Through this partnership, our department continues to create an environment where all students can thrive, innovate, and contribute meaningfully to the field.

What does recertification mean? Recertification is a testament to the strength of our program and the dedication of our faculty, staff, and students. Acceptance decisions were based on a rigorous external review, annual reports, and evaluations by Bridge Program staff. These assessments highlighted the strengths of our application and offered valuable feedback to guide us in planning for the next five years.

Our renewed partnership extends through December 31, 2029. Along with the recertification, we’ve committed to:
– Mentorship Training—Faculty involved in the Bridge Program will undergo mentorship training to ensure we continue providing our students with the highest level of support.
– Student Support Through Graduation—We pledge to support all current and future students admitted through the Bridge Program, even beyond the duration of our partnership.

These new requirements align with the Bridge Program’s evolving practices and reinforce the shared mission to empower underrepresented students in geosciences.

This recertification is a significant milestone for a small department within a large engineering school. It reflects our ability to maintain high standards and our passion for cultivating an inclusive and supportive academic community. We are proud to stand alongside other Bridge Program institutions in advancing diversity and equity in the geosciences.

This achievement would not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of the GMES faculty and staff, as well as the incredible students who make our department so vibrant and inspiring. Together, we are shaping the future of Earth and space sciences! Are you ready? Apply now.

GMES Alumni Spotlight with Walter Rathbun, BS Geological Engineering ’08

GMES Alumni Spotlight Q&A: 

Walter Rathbun, B.S. Geological Engineering 2008
Hometown: Grand Rapids, Michigan
Dad to Paxton (10) and Twyla (6)

Walt and his kids are sitting on rocks in the sand.
Walt and his kids are camping on the west coast of Vancouver Island in 2022.

Walt Rathbun, P.Eng. (BC), graduated from Michigan Technological University in 2008 with a B.S. degree in geological engineering, following a family legacy of connection to Michigan Tech. His career has spanned internships at Cleveland Cliffs and Rio Tinto, roles in mining consulting focused on large-scale earth structures, and his current work in land development with Lewkowich Engineering Associates on Vancouver Island. MTU’s rigorous, hands-on education prepared him for industry challenges, particularly seismic engineering and geotechnical assessments. Walt fondly recalls the vibrant campus community and the invigorating walks through snowy Houghton, where he dreamed of his future. Of all his accomplishments, being a dad to Paxton and Twyla is likely the one he cherishes most.

Q: Why did you choose MTU?

A: My parents met at MTU, and Houghton was always a special place for my family growing up. When deciding on a university, MTU felt most like home, and my brother and sister felt the same.

Q: What has your career path been like since you graduated?

A: My career started with internships with Cleveland Cliffs Michigan Operations and Rio Tinto’s Bingham Canyon in Salt Lake City.  I followed that up with a job working for a boutique mining consulting firm working on the design and operational support for pit walls, waste dumps, and tailings storage facilities in Northern Alberta and Northeastern BC, where I had the privilege of working with some of the brightest engineers and geoscientists in western Canada.  I worked on the design of Canada’s 3rd largest earthen dam (at that time) for Shell Canada Energy, with the firm after my departure eventually being bought out by Stantec.  From mining, I transitioned to working in land development on Vancouver Island.  I work for Lewkowich Engineering Associates, based in Nanaimo, BC, on Vancouver Island.  I work on assessments to prepare land for new homes, roads, bridges, subdivisions, and small dams.  That usually involves some combination of slope stability assessments, liquefaction assessments, retaining wall design, and ocean flooding assessments.

Walt stands at Tilden Mine wearing a hardhat and seismic equipment, with a rugged landscape in the background.
Walt at Tilden Mine, circa 2007.

Q: How did your time at MTU prepare you for your industry/career?

A: MTU is a genuinely unique engineering institution, finely tuned to all types of learning and personal growth, in relative isolation, next to moody Lake Superior in one of the most remote areas of the lower 48.  The learnings most applicable to the industry were my field geology and field geophysics courses.  All the academics and theory you can flex with mean nothing if you don’t know how to apply it. More importantly, you should be able to communicate your findings clearly and concisely when left to your own devices (or a Brunton compass). You have to be a little crazy, but the good kind of crazy, to want to go to MTU. MTU’s close ties to North America’s mining and cultural history partially led to my hiring at the mining consulting firm— the person who hired me told me he had admired fellow MTU alums at a past job.  I continue to be amazed in my career, once you graduate, you will find, even across the continent, MTU’s reputation precedes itself.  And if they haven’t heard of MTU, I can only assume it sounds like MIT to some.  

Q: What’s it like to return to the campus now? Have you noticed any changes?

A: My parents are now retired, live in Houghton, and are active in the community.  They keep me updated on changes for the most part, but I’m still surprised every time I’m back by how many changes there are.  The hockey team has seen a lot of success from where the team was during my time as a student, which is exciting to see.  I’m also a big fan of the rock garden outside Dillman. I miss the EERC tree only a little bit, but I also love the new Husky statue.

Q: What is the most impactful memory of your time here?

A: It’s hard to pick just one.  What I cherish the most are my memories of walking home from campus, biting cold air and fresh snow crunching under my feet, my mind exhausted and stressed about an exam/project but churning with new learnings after late nights in the computer lab.  MTU is a place where I felt most alive with the possibilities of just what my education meant and where it might lead me, which was where my mind was often on those cold walks.  What resulted when I left was beyond my wildest imaginings.  

Walt stands in the back row of a group photo featuring the shovel dipper interns at Kennecott Utah Copper, surrounded by his colleagues and set against an industrial backdrop.
Walt is in the back row in the shovel dipper interns’ picture at Kennecott Utah Copper, where he interned in the summer of 2008.

Q: What is your favorite activity when you return to campus?

A: In the summer months, soaking up whatever beach time I can get.  The Great Lakes are second to none on this planet and should be cherished.

Q: What advice would you give someone just starting at Tech as a Husky?

A: Turn your life into an experiment.  You’ll be surprised what you can do when you challenge yourself and dare to dream big!

Q: What role did the community or extracurricular activities play in your overall experience?

A: I was active in the geology club, water polo club, and Nordic skiing at MTU. The strong sense of community is part of what makes MTU so unique, and as a student, the intensity of MTU’s rigorous academics is best balanced with as much fun and active play as you can reasonably cram into your free time.  

Q: Looking back, what opportunities do you wish you had taken advantage of here?

A: I Nordic-skied extensively on the tech trails during my last two years at MTU, but I wish I had taken more time to enjoy those facilities throughout my time there. We have reasonably wet, heavy snow in the Pacific Northwest. I miss both the perfect snow conditions and the world-class trails at Tech.

Walt is standing outdoors, focused as he downloads data from a small device attached to his headlamp, illuminated by soft light in the background.
Walt is downloading data from an underground drainage gallery with vertically drilled pressure sensors attached to data loggers at Kennecott Utah Copper.

Q: What networking opportunities did you take advantage of as a student?

A: I always attended the career fair, even just to practice with a mock interview. I also had the opportunity to fly to the SEG conference in New Orleans one year and the SME conference in Salt Lake City. At the SME conference, an employee of the eventual firm I worked for in Vancouver pointed out that the Denver office manager was an MTU Alum.

Q: What is your current position’s unexpected benefit/skill set? What did you not realize at first was a part of what you do?

A: My seismic design skillset.  My first introduction to seismic engineering was more straight to the source, I think, compared to most engineers, with Plate Tectonics and Global Geophysics with Dr. Diehl, rock mechanics with Dr. Gregg, and Dr. Waite’s Volcano Seismology courses serving as my introductions to stress/strain tensors. However, I first learned some of the methods we now use when working on the surface in mining in Northern Alberta and Northeast BC.  One doesn’t think of these areas traditionally as seismically active, but when dealing with earth structures of that size and the potential life-safety/environmental consequences of a failure, a tiny burp of an earthquake (or even no earthquake at all, as seen with recent tailings dam disasters) can have disastrous consequences.  It is paramount to understand the stress regime and how realistically that could change on a given site when subjected to strain, whether soil or rock.  

Q: Did you have on-campus employment while a student? If yes, what did you do?

A: I was all over the place.  I worked for a bit at the campus cafe in Wads.  I also worked in the paleomagnetism lab, baking cores and making magnetic hysteresis plots for Dr. Jimmy Diehl and, for a short time, taking much smaller rock fragments for testing with Dr. Aleksey Smirnov.   I was also active as a lifeguard, teaching swim lessons and volunteering to referee intramural water polo.

Q: Any other comments?A: Lets go, yous Huskies! (Imagine the Yooper accent!)

Walt and his kids are camping on the west coast of Vancouver Island in 2022, gathered around their campsite with a scenic coastal backdrop of trees and ocean.
Walt and his kids are camping on the west coast of Vancouver Island in 2022.

Ask and Answer with GMES Student Sananda Ray, Ph.D. Geophysics, 2025

GMES Student Spotlight Q&A:
Sananda Ray, Ph.D. Geophysics, 2025
Home City: Cooch Behar, INDIA
Advisor: Dr. Radwin Askari

Sananda’s publications.

Sananda Ray is pictured with Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala, in the summer of 2022 when she had an opportunity to join the field group led by Dr. Greg Waite and geology Ph.D. candidate Gustavo Bejar Lopez.

Get to know our students. Sananda Ray is a Graduate Research Assistant. She loves photography (she took the image of the Northern Lights!), traveling, family, friends, and volcanoes, to name a few. Her favorite class so far at MTU has been Volcanic Seismology with Dr. Greg Waite. Sananda says the best place to eat off-campus is the Ambassador. She has excellent taste in pizza and graduate programs!

Q: Why did you choose to attend MTU?

A: When looking for PhD positions, the program and the project aligned with my research goals. 

Q: Do you have a favorite class or professor so far?

A: Dr. Greg Waite and Volcanic Seismology.

Q. What is your research about?

A: My research focuses on experimental geophysics. I generate and analyze long-period events—commonly observed in volcanoes—using a controlled laboratory setup to bridge the gap between theoretical models and real-world geological observations.

Q: What is your favorite off-campus place to eat? 

A: The Ambassador in downtown Houghton.

Sananda Ray is pictured presenting her research poster at the American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting in 2023.
Sananda photographed the Northern Lights over the Portage Canal.

Preserving Historic Copper Mining Records

Boxes of historical data ready to join the digital era.

Preserving historic copper mining records is at the heart of an exciting new project at Michigan Tech! Led by James DeGraff, GMES Research Professor, a team of researchers has secured $118,898 in matching grant funding from the National Park Service (NPS) to archive records through advanced digitization.

Titled “Preservation, Indexing, and Enhanced Utility of Historic Copper Mining Drill Hole Records,” the project is part of the NPS Save America’s Treasures Grant Program, which is dedicated to safeguarding the nation’s cultural heritage. Established in 1988 to celebrate America’s premier cultural resources, Save America’s Treasures grants this year funded 59 projects through the Historic Preservation Fund that will preserve nationally significant sites and historical collections in 26 states and the District of Columbia.

The team will digitize and organize records from over 650 drill holes from 1899 to 1970, creating an interactive map that will be accessible to the public. Copper mining on the Keweenaw Peninsula dates back more than 8,000 years, but an influx of miners in the 1800s—spurred by technological advances and rising demand for copper—made the region a hotbed of activity.

Man stands on dock with stacked copper ingots. A nearby sign reads, “This copper for shipment.” Photo courtesy of Michigan Tech Archives 2017.

Congratulations to DeGraff and his co-investigators—Lindsay Hiltunen (VPOL), Don Lafreniere (SS/GRF), and Erika Vye (GLRC)—on this impactful initiative! The copper mining records hold significant historical and scientific value. They showcase the evolution of drilling technology and geology while contributing to current efforts to secure critical minerals from domestic sources.

Diamond Drill Hole Records

Meet Professor Shiliang Wu

Professor Wu

Discover the fascinating work of Professor Shiliang Wu, a leading expert in atmospheric chemistry and air quality at Michigan Tech! As a key faculty member in the Departments of Geological and Mining Engineering & Sciences and Civil, Environmental, and Geospatial Engineering, Professor Wu conducts groundbreaking research at the intersection of air quality, climate, wildfires, and ecosystems. He maps the global journey of air pollutants through sophisticated computer modeling, revealing their impact on our environment and health. Take advantage of this opportunity to dive into the science driving cleaner air and a healthier planet!

Figure 1 shows a comprehensive global view of arsenic levels in surface air for 2005. This map integrates sophisticated modeling with measurement data from monitoring stations worldwide, clearly depicting annual average arsenic concentrations. Color gradients represent background arsenic levels, while station locations are marked by circles, directly comparing model predictions and field data. This visualization underscores the global distribution of arsenic in the air, highlighting critical areas of environmental health concern and bridging scientific modeling with real-world impacts.

Figure 1. Arsenic concentrations in surface air. Model-simulated annual (for the year 2005) mean arsenic concentrations in ambient air (background) compared with measurement data at various stations (circles) around the world.

GMES Student Spotlight Q&A: Konraad VanDyke, B.S. Geology ’25

GMES Student Spotlight Q&A: Konraad VanDyke, B.S. Geology 2025
Hometown: Kalamazoo, Michigan

Konraad VanDyke, a Geology major from Kalamazoo, chose Michigan Tech for its unique geology. He enjoys Petrology with Professor Chad Deering and is active in campus groups like the Undergraduate Student Government and Geology Club. Outside class, he explores local history and hikes and embraces winter through snowshoeing and skiing. Keep reading to learn more about Konraad’s reflections on being a current student.

Konraad standing in an old shovel bucket from a coal mine in Germany. The bucket currently sits at the Cliff shafts.

Q: Why did you choose to attend MTU?

A: The geology of the surrounding area.

Q: Do you have a favorite class or professor so far?

A: Professor Chad Deering with Petrology

Q: Are you in any clubs or groups on campus?

A: USG (Undergraduate Student Government), AIPG, SME, Geology Club

Q: What advice would you give to a future Husky?

A: Pay attention in class and chase what you enjoy endlessly. 

Q: What about MTU would you change, if possible?

A: Lately, I have liked better winters with more snow and colder temps.

Q: What local activities do you enjoy outside of MTU?

A: Hiking, exploring, and meeting the locals and old timers who saw the area when some old mines were in operation. 

Q: What is your favorite on-campus place to eat? Off-campus? 

A: Either the Hut in Calumet or Hilltop in L’anse

Q: How do you survive winter?

A: By embracing and enjoying it by hiking, snowshoeing, and skiing. 

Q: Have your post-graduation plans changed since coming to MTU? If so, how and why?

A: They have not changed but focused more on mineral exploration.

A thin section highlights pyroxene (black in the middle) within basalt.


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