Author: Windy Veker

Health Sciences Students Graduate Ready to Change the World, One Person At a Time

A panoramic view of the Biological Sciences Learning Center shows tables and couches for studying, mini-lab tables, bookshelves and multiple resource shelves.
Soon-to-be graduates Jessica Gadbury and Riley Stichter spent a lot of their time at Michigan Tech in the Biological Sciences Learning Center coaching their fellow students.

Hundreds of Michigan Tech undergraduates cross the threshold from college student to graduate each semester. Meet Jessica Gadbury and Riley Stichter, two biological sciences students who graduate with the Class of 2024 this month, as they share a look back at their journeys, what kept them going through challenges and obstacles, and what drives them to make the world a better place. 

How Huskies Find Their Path

Medical laboratory science (MLS) major Jessica Gadbury ’24 hails from southeast Wisconsin and began her path into the health sciences as an elementary school bookworm. 

“From a young age I remember looking at photos in an anatomy textbook,” Gadbury said, “I had one for kids and I thought it was the coolest thing. I would stay up late with a little light reading it.” 

She went on to experience Tech’s Summer Youth Programs for both medical laboratory science and forensic science. The program let her explore both Tech and her long-term interest in science, so when the time came for college, she knew where she wanted to be.

“Jess is a silent warrior in all things biology, particularly Medical Lab Science, and when it comes to helping other students. It didn’t take long to see a fire light in Jess when she realized she had found her place AND that she was really good at it!”

Brigitte Morin, Teaching Professor, Biological Sciences

Human Biology major Riley Stichter ’24 from Dayton, Minnesota, was already exploring pre-medical and pre-dental tracks through high school courses long before she’d heard of Michigan Tech. 

“I wasn’t necessarily exactly sure what I wanted to do going into college. I just knew that I wanted to go into healthcare because I love science and I wanted the opportunity to help different people,” said Stichter.

When one of her volleyball teammates committed to Michigan Tech’s team, she took a closer look and was immediately interested in the strong STEM programs, outdoorsy community, and close access to hiking trails. Stichter was later also recruited to Tech to play volleyball.

Overcoming Challenges and Celebrating the Small Moments

Jessica Gadbury stands smiling indoors.
Jessica Gadbury followed her own, unique path from enrollment to graduation and looking forward to a bright future ahead.

Gadbury’s journey wasn’t a straight shot from admission to graduation. As a self-identified introvert, Gadbury said acclimating to living on campus was tough.

“When I came in as a first-year, in the first couple of months I was incredibly homesick. I had such a hard time settling in and getting the feeling that this is where I am supposed to be. Now, I have the feeling that I am not ready to go yet. I’m so sad to be leaving college. I guess I didn’t even really expect to have settled in so well,” she said.

After initially being accepted into the medical laboratory science program, Gadbury changed her major to the more general biological sciences for two years before deciding to move away from research and back to her original major. 

“I had this epiphany at three in the morning, I realized ‘I don’t know where I’m going!’,” said Gadbury, “I wanted something with a pretty direct goal, something where I could see an end point and I thought MLS was very good for that.”

Claire Danielson, MLS Program Director, witnessed Gadbury’s transition between majors firsthand.

“We first met when she switched her major from general biology in 2022. She wanted to make a difference in patients’ outcomes but not necessarily interact with them directly. She was eager to learn and excited to come into a program where she felt more aligned with her goals,” said Danielson, “Over time, I’ve watched Jess not only develop a deeper understanding of the medical laboratory, but also grow as a leader and a mentor to her peers.”

Gadbury found her sense of belonging in the MLS program with friendly instructors and a close-knit student community. Even after stepping back into MLS she brought her love of biology with her and became a tutor at the Biological Sciences Learning Center (BLC). Biological Sciences Teaching Professor Brigitte Morin knew Gadbury would be a great fit for the BLC and as an undergraduate teaching assistant for her basic medical lab techniques course.

“From student to employee to teaching assistant, each layer of Jess has unfolded and it’s been exciting to see where her excitement peaks,” said Morin. “Watching her work with my undergraduate students and seeing her light up when they understand a concept makes my day.”

There is no single big moment that defines her time at Michigan Tech, Gadbury said, “For me it’s more of the little things like playing Rock Band IV with all of my friends, going downtown, and getting a coffee after class.”

Riley sits at a study table in the Biology Learning Center working at her laptop.
Riley Stichter has spent a lot of her time at Michigan Tech in the Biology Learning Center as a senior coach.

Stichter found university-level science courses and acclimating to college life challenging at first, but by the end of her freshman year had established a routine and study methods that have carried her through her time at Michigan Tech. 

Morin witnessed Stichter’s resilience through the early challenges. “Riley is incredibly good at compartmentalizing, so each interaction with her has seemed like there was never a care in the world,” Morin said, “However I know that the life of a student-athlete is stressful for many reasons and watching her juggle all those things with grace has been incredible.”

Stichter discovered her strengths and capabilities.“I wouldn’t have anticipated how manageable the curriculum is, or how it really is what you make of it. I’ve been exposed to so many different opportunities because I was able to seek out and balance those activities on top of all the school work I was doing. If I was in high school thinking about the future, that isn’t something I would think I’d be able to do, especially while playing volleyball.”

Where doors were not already open for her, Stichter made windows. As a member of the Pre-Health Association at Tech (PHAT) since her first year of college, she advocated for increased representation of pre-dentistry within the organization. Her advocacy led to creation of sub-committees for each separate discipline within PHAT which Morin said, “allowed for both cohesion and independence amongst all members. Riley took the lead for the pre-dentists, and the rest is history.”

Stichter said she made her small-moment memories watching meteor showers and the northern lights with her teammates. She also worked as a Husky Connect mentor through the Center for Diversity and Inclusion.  “Coming from a diverse background I knew I wanted to be involved in some way but I wasn’t sure how.

Eventually I saw a job posting to be a mentor and I heard I would be able to mentor incoming students from diverse backgrounds, so that really interested me,” said Stichter.

She also got involved as a tutor at the Biological Sciences Learning Center, as those courses came more naturally to her and she wanted to help others gain confidence in their biology skills. Morin, who has worked closely with Stichter through the learning center, said she’s continuously impressed with Stichter’s ability to spread confidence and  genuine positivity.

“Riley has always struck me as someone who is confident, but over the years I’ve seen her come even more into her own and find an empowered sense about her. Riley has become a senior-BLC coach who I can trust and rely on to step in no matter the need. Her steadiness translates to those around her and helps them feel confident, too.”

Brigitte Morin, Teaching Professor, Biological Sciences

Giving Back in Small Ways Makes a Big Impact

Gadbury also joined the co-ed service fraternity Alpha Phi Omega through a friend of a friend as a way to share kindness with her community, campus and chapter. During her time with the organization, which has varied from 10 to 15 members,  members, have volunteered with food pantries, raked leaves for local residents for the annual Make a Difference Day, and regularly cleaned up nails and other metal scraps from Breakers Beach near the north entry of the Keweenaw Waterway.

From serving as a volunteer to working in the service industry, Gadbury’s experiences have given her a realistic approach to changing the world. “Giving people more empathy would help in so many ways,” she said. “Thinking of people outside of your scope. I think living in a small town we can get a very narrow vision. It makes a difference, being more open-minded and empathetic to people that we’re not as familiar with.”

These small interactions sharing kindness with strangers prepared Gadbury for another important career step during her time at Tech, when she attended the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Sciences conference in Appleton, Wisconsin. 

“Now I am very deliberate in going out of my comfort zone,” said Gadbury, “I realize the importance of it now. It is like trying new foods. If you don’t try it, you may never know it is your favorite food.”

Stichter also found opportunities to try new experiences, like volunteering at a free dental clinic near her hometown. The summer after her first year at Tech, she looked up every free clinic in her area and emailed each one until a door opened for her. 

“Do not be afraid to be proactive, whether it’s reaching out to professors about research, looking for volunteer opportunities, or sending mass emails to different organizations,” Stichter said, when asked to share her advice for incoming Huskies. “I have been lucky to receive a lot of amazing opportunities because I’m willing to talk to different people or put myself out there.”

The experience inspired her to choose a path in dentistry, with aspirations to work in the public health sector.

“You never truly know the barriers or what patients are going through until you are able to volunteer in until you volunteer in a community health clinic and see it for yourself,” said Stichter, “I found that really beneficial, especially knowing that it exists within my community, where most dental practices are focused on patients who have a reliable form of transportation and have insurance to pay for it. Not everyone has that.”

What’s Next for Our Students?

Both Gadbury and Stichter have big plans after graduation. 

Gadbury will begin her six-month practicum in Marquette followed by a board certification exam. Once that’s completed she hopes to remain in the Upper Peninsula and find steady employment in a hospital lab. She’s exploring possible specialization in microbiology or moving up in management for her long-term career goals. 

Michigan Tech Medical Laboratory Science Program Coordinator Sarah LewAllen said Gadbury always stood out as exceptionally inclusive and welcoming. 

“Over time, I’ve gotten to know Jess better through conversations in my lab courses and in passing. My connection with Jess is meaningful because she is someone I can wholeheartedly trust,” said LewAllen. “She is by far one of the most participative students I have ever had the pleasure of teaching. She is an excellent springboard for discussions in class because she isn’t afraid to say something wrong.”

Stichter’s path after graduation include attending four years of dental school starting in fall 2025. Her long-term goal is to work in public health, ideally at a federally qualified health center. 

Kemmy Taylor, Pre-Health Programs director, said Stichter demonstrates how students focused on health-related careers can thrive at Michigan Tech. 

“Riley’s growth as a future dentist highlights the expanding role of health professions at Michigan Tech. She is a shining example of the high-caliber students we are proud to cultivate here, and I do not doubt that her future in dentistry will be defined by the same compassion and dedication to helping others that she has shown throughout her time here,” said Taylor.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Sound Girls Student Org Creates Spooky Short Film Based on Silent Found Footage

Black and white. Sound Girls student members run down a hallway chasing fellow student Jos Olson towards the camera in this still from the groups’ short film.
Sound Girls members get involved on both sides of the camera for their spooky short film Creeping Up with the Sound Ghouls

CAUTION: The following content contains the actual, unedited transcript of the Michigan Tech’s Sound Girls chapter executive board meeting recorded in October 2024. 

Vice President Jos Olson: “Do you want to pull up the found footage?”

President Vanessa Dulong: “Yes.”

Olson: “I love how we say ‘found footage’ as if it is real found ghost footage.”

Secretary Jack Summers: “It’s not?”

Dulong: “Well, it’s found in our Google Drive.”

Summers: “Are you telling me it’s not real?”

Olson: “No, it’s very real, you’re right.”

The mysterious footage these Sound Girls refer to was discovered in an abandoned corner of the student organization’s shared Google Drive. The footage’s exact origin is unknown, although the group has their theories.

“Maybe the original sound girls in 2019 when it was founded had the idea of doing a horror movie short film. We found this, and it never got finished.” said sound design student Vanessa Dulong ’25.

The footage is reminiscent of an old silent film; black and white, dimly lit and with no sound. It depicts a former student looking around as if she has heard something. She wanders through the McArdle Theatre and the halls and stairways of Walker and the Rozsa Performing Arts Center alone, searching for a sound we can’t hear. The mysterious sound leads the now frantic student to a door which opens on its own. The lights flick off, and when they come back on we see the student scream. Lights flicker on and off as she covers her ears, then falls to the ground, writhing in pain and surrounded by a circle of speakers playing an unknown sound.

This footage inspired the Sound Girls to try a new take on their annual sound finals project. All Michigan Tech sound students and organizations have the opportunity to present projects from the fall semester each year. 

“It also serves as a celebration of student work throughout the semester,” said sound design student Jack Summers ’25. 

Most organizations create a Powerpoint slide show and describe their projects, but the Sound Girls take their final presentations to the next level.
“A couple of years ago I had the idea of doing a music video and a song, and that’s what we would show to just be a little bit cooler than the other orgs. And it worked, everybody was into it!” said Dulong, “This semester we’re taking on a spookier kind of vibe because we found this footage.”

Jos Olson reprises his role as the lead Sound Girls character in Creeping Up with the Sound Ghouls, this year’s spooky companion piece to last year’s project, Keeping Up with the Sound Girls.

This year’s project is a short film called Creeping Up with the Sound Ghouls. The film depicts Sound Girls watching the disturbing found footage in one of their meetings. As more and more members fall prey to the siren song, they call an original Sound Girl for help. The founding member character reveals the dark past of a silly project that took a turn for the worse. Unfortunately for our current Sound Girls, they have already unleashed an earworm that will zombify their entire group one by one.

The earworm in the film makes use of an inside joke; the song Get Lucky by Daft Punk, which the real-life Sound Girls have heard far too many times as their sound test song. As group members are zombified by the song, only Jos is immune thanks to his headphones, or is lucky enough to be out of the room when the song is played. The final scenes of the short film echo some of the old Sound Girls footage found on Google Drive, an homage to their founding members.

The biggest mystery of this project may be why a group called Sound Girls created a film based on silent footage. “Yes, we’re called Sound Girls but we want to make sure that we’re covering just media in general,” explained audio production and technology student Jos Olson ’26. “While, yes, sound is super important and it is what we do, we also want to make sure that there are other aspects involved and people are getting hands-on experience.”

Last year the organization produced Keeping Up with the Sound Girls, a single mock episode parodying reality TV show tropes set during their group meetings. This year’s short film is a larger scale project featuring actors, video editors, sound editors and original compositions from the nearly 20 students involved with Sound Girls. Several new members joined the organization because this project gave them the opportunity to learn from their fellow students. 

“We’re trying to get the entire org involved,” said Olson, “There are a couple of new members that really want to get hands-on camera experience so we’re helping them learn how to do that.”

Creeping Up with the Sound Ghouls will be shown along with many other projects during the sound finals presentation Dec. 13. It will also soon be available on the Sound Girls’ YouTube channel.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

CSA Students Observe Climate Issues and Initiatives  at United Nations Conference

A large three-dimensional sign saying #COP29 stands in front of a green interior wall. The wall above the sign reads, “In solidarity for a Green World”.
Four Huskies attended the United Nations Climate Change Conference, also known as COP 29, in Baku, Azerbaijan.

For the fifth year, Huskies attended the United Nations Climate Change Conference to observe the world’s only multilateral decision-making forum on climate change, also known as COP 29. COP 29 stands for the 29th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a landmark international treaty agreed in 1992, and parent treaty to the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Lexi Tater stands in front of an exterior glass arch, a sign which reads, “COP29 Baku Azerbaijan.”
Lexi Tater was one of two students who observed COP29 in Azerbaijan.
A few hundred attendees attend an indoor panel discussion at COP29.
Around 40,000 registered participants attend the United Nations Climate Change Conference each year.

Michigan Tech was granted observer status in 2019 after a year-long admittance process, and has sent students and faculty to every COP held since. Around 40,000 registered participants attend the conference each year. Entry to the U.N.-regulated Blue Zone offers Michigan Technological University students the opportunity of a lifetime to observe negotiations and connect with global policymakers. 

The conference took place November 11 to 22. Chemistry professor emerita Sarah Green and social sciences interim chair Mark Rouleau accompanied PhD candidate Jessica Czarnecki and Lexi Tater ’25, who is studying for a master’s degree in sustainable communities, to Baku, Azerbaijan for the event. 

COP29 brought together world leaders and negotiators from the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) from around the globe. Business leaders, young people, climate scientists, Indigenous Peoples, and civil society shared insights and best practices to strengthen global, collective, and inclusive climate action.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Visual and Performing Arts Student wins Audio Engineering Society Recording Competition

Thirteen students stand with assistant professor Jeff Sherwood in front of a large hanging AES Show banner at the student recording competition.
Michigan Tech VPA students attended the 2024 Audio Engineering Society International Student Recording Competition in New York City in October. (Images courtesy Michigan Tech Visual and Performing Arts)

Sound design student Nate Lyons ’25 brought home a Bronze Award in the Audio Engineering Society (AES) International Student Recording Competition. Lyons won the award in the Sound for Visual Media category for his sound design audio replacement of a video game. 

“I got the idea from one of my other classes where I was learning how to program sounds for video games. I wanted to use this as an opportunity to practice that skill with the programs that we use for video game sound design,” said Lyons.

Students have an opportunity to attend and present at the international AES convention in New York City as part of VPA career development and professional presentation travel and study away courses. This is the second year in a row sound design and audio production and technology students from Michigan Tech’s VPA have received awards in the prestigious international competition.

Lyons’ project included atmospheric sound design, sound effects, and music for the video game Celeste. To create it, he removed all existing sound for the game and programmed his own.

“The game itself is very dream-like and ethereal and it deals with a lot of mental health struggles. I wanted to evoke a very dream-like, ethereal feel because I feel like that matches not only the landscape of the game but the themes of mental health and anxiety,” said Lyons.

The submission was comprehensive, with sounds for everything from background music to character death to what players hear when they press the play and pause buttons. Lyons’ creative process used a range of techniques, combining synthesizing technologies like Vital Synth with old school Foley work, and made use of skills from music composition and electronic music classes. All of the sounds were grounded in the landscape and themes of the game.

Lyons was originally planning to study computer science, but his parents urged him to apply his interest in theater and sound to one of his other passions; video games. Michigan Tech offered him the perfect opportunity to combine those interests.

“I love video games. It’s why I came to Michigan Tech. The Husky Game Enterprise was a big selling point to me. It was a great decision and I am really happy I made it,” said Lyons.

Nate Lyons stands in front of a projector screen at the AES conference. The message on the screen congratulates him on winning the Student Recording competition.
 Sound design student Nate Lyons ’25 brought home a Bronze Award in the Audio Engineering Society (AES) International Student Recording Competition for his sound design audio replacement of a video game.

“One of my favorite effects was playing with a sample of glass shattering. It has a very pretty, twinkly sound but also kind of a slight anxiety to it,” said Lyons. 

Lyon’s project was chosen as one of two Michigan Tech submissions in his category out of half-dozen student projects. He was humbled and excited by the selection. While working on his submission, Lyons enlisted critiques from Tech alum, VPA sound mixing instructor and video game sound designer Steve Green ’14. 

“It was unreal to even be a finalist,” Lyons said. “It is insane to me that I did that. I feel really accomplished. I am really thankful for all the professors here who I talked to and gave me feedback and critiques, who helped me polish it to make it much better.”

Lyons was one of several students who attended and presented at the AES convention, led by assistant professor Jeff Sherwood (VPA). The weeklong study away experience included networking with Grammy-winning and Academy-winning professionals at the convention. Students had a curated experience including private meetups with AV consulting and acoustics firms, facility tours, backstage tours and shadow opportunities, Broadway and other live productions, sightseeing, and Michigan Tech VPA alumni meetups for students to form industry connections as they launch their careers.

“Knowing that there are going to be professionals looking at my work and critiquing it in front of me is terrifying, said Lyons, “But it was very nice, especially because a lot of the people from Michigan Tech showed up to watch my presentation. Which was very nice because there were very limited seats, but the fact that they all got there early enough and watched and were very kind was amazing.”

Though Lyons was blown away by his own victory and struggled to articulate why his project stood out, the AES judges had no trouble giving positive feedback.

“One of the things that the three judges in New York said was that it really made them feel like they were playing games again. The sound design reminded them of games they would play when they were kids, which was really nice to hear,” Lyons said.

The award winner’s prize includes audio software from Bettermaker, Empirical Labs and Eventide.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Husky Preserves Indigenous Language as Voice Actor in Ojibwe Star Wars Dub

Kalvin Hartwig stands in a sound-proofed recording studio in front of a computer, microphone and recording equipment as he records lines for his voice acting role.
Michigan Tech alumnus Niigaanii-Animikii Inini Kalvin Hartwig ’10 brings his mission of supporting Indigenous language to new heights as one of the main cast voice actors in the Ojibwe dubbing of Star Wars: A New Hope.

Michigan Tech alumnus Niigaanii-Animikii Inini Kalvin Hartwig ’10 continues his career-long dedication to supporting Indigenous language and cultural revitalization as one of the main cast voice actors in an Ojibwe dubbing of Star Wars: A New Hope

Hartwig is an award-winning filmmaker, a member of the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, and a Tech graduate in social sciences, humanities and German. He voices the Red Leader character, originally played by the late Gordan “Drewe” Henley in the dub, which began streaming on Disney+ on Oct. 27. 

Read more about Hartwig’s passion for the project, how he got involved, and the recording process in the full feature by Jordan Shawhan,  Husky Makes History with Voice Role in Ojibwe Dubbing of Star Wars, at Michigan Tech Alumni Stories.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Bell Gives Voice to the History of Talking Machines in Nationally Recognized Book

The cover of Vox Ex Machina: A Cultural History of Talking Machines by Sarah Bell

Sarah Bell, associate professor of digital media in the College of Science and Arts gained national recognition recently when her book Vox Ex Machina was listed on the New Yorker’s “Best Books We’ve Read This Week.” The book details the development of key voice synthesis technologies across the 20th century and factors that influenced their creation.

Bell’s exploration of the topic goes far deeper than a simple history of how these technologies were created, also exploring public response to the tech and asking whether talking machines are good for us.

“We were already primed for voice assistants before Siri and Alexa, but that doesn’t mean they work very well for us.”

Sarah Bell

Vox Ex Machina is as much about the people creating and using voice synthesis as it is about the technology itself, and this research concept began very close to home for Bell.

“I became interested in voice synthesis because of my kids, who, as teenagers, were using voice synthesis software to create music,” she said. “This was before Siri. I was interested in how this group of American kids related to the Japanese character of the software and expressed themselves through its voice.”

Sarah Bell, author of Vox Ex Machina
Sarah Bell, author of Vox Ex Machina

The original concept has gone through several iterations, originally as Bell’s PhD dissertation. Rather than explore the use of voice synthesis in music, Vox Ex Machina ultimately focuses on broader consumer deployments of voice synthesis.

“I study sociotechnical systems, usually from a historical perspective, and I tend to be interested in technologies when they are introduced to a consumer market. At that point they are rarely the ‘ideal’ that early developers had in mind,” said Bell.

Bell was “stunned” at the book’s mention in the New Yorker’s “Best Books” list, and delighted when historian Jill Lepore discussed it in her article about chatbots earlier this month.

“She’s one of my favorite writers, so I’m still pinching myself that she liked the book,” Bell said.


The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on FacebookInstagramLinkedIn,  X and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.