Health Sciences Students Graduate Ready to Change the World, One Person At a Time

A panoramic view of the Biological Sciences Learning Center shows tables and couches for studying, mini-lab tables, bookshelves and multiple resource shelves.
Soon-to-be graduates Jessica Gadbury and Riley Stichter spent a lot of their time at Michigan Tech in the Biological Sciences Learning Center coaching their fellow students.

Hundreds of Michigan Tech undergraduates cross the threshold from college student to graduate each semester. Meet Jessica Gadbury and Riley Stichter, two biological sciences students who graduate with the Class of 2024 this month, as they share a look back at their journeys, what kept them going through challenges and obstacles, and what drives them to make the world a better place. 

How Huskies Find Their Path

Medical laboratory science (MLS) major Jessica Gadbury ’24 hails from southeast Wisconsin and began her path into the health sciences as an elementary school bookworm. 

“From a young age I remember looking at photos in an anatomy textbook,” Gadbury said, “I had one for kids and I thought it was the coolest thing. I would stay up late with a little light reading it.” 

She went on to experience Tech’s Summer Youth Programs for both medical laboratory science and forensic science. The program let her explore both Tech and her long-term interest in science, so when the time came for college, she knew where she wanted to be.

“Jess is a silent warrior in all things biology, particularly Medical Lab Science, and when it comes to helping other students. It didn’t take long to see a fire light in Jess when she realized she had found her place AND that she was really good at it!”

Brigitte Morin, Teaching Professor, Biological Sciences

Human Biology major Riley Stichter ’24 from Dayton, Minnesota, was already exploring pre-medical and pre-dental tracks through high school courses long before she’d heard of Michigan Tech. 

“I wasn’t necessarily exactly sure what I wanted to do going into college. I just knew that I wanted to go into healthcare because I love science and I wanted the opportunity to help different people,” said Stichter.

When one of her volleyball teammates committed to Michigan Tech’s team, she took a closer look and was immediately interested in the strong STEM programs, outdoorsy community, and close access to hiking trails. Stichter was later also recruited to Tech to play volleyball.

Overcoming Challenges and Celebrating the Small Moments

Jessica Gadbury stands smiling indoors.
Jessica Gadbury followed her own, unique path from enrollment to graduation and looking forward to a bright future ahead.

Gadbury’s journey wasn’t a straight shot from admission to graduation. As a self-identified introvert, Gadbury said acclimating to living on campus was tough.

“When I came in as a first-year, in the first couple of months I was incredibly homesick. I had such a hard time settling in and getting the feeling that this is where I am supposed to be. Now, I have the feeling that I am not ready to go yet. I’m so sad to be leaving college. I guess I didn’t even really expect to have settled in so well,” she said.

After initially being accepted into the medical laboratory science program, Gadbury changed her major to the more general biological sciences for two years before deciding to move away from research and back to her original major. 

“I had this epiphany at three in the morning, I realized ‘I don’t know where I’m going!’,” said Gadbury, “I wanted something with a pretty direct goal, something where I could see an end point and I thought MLS was very good for that.”

Claire Danielson, MLS Program Director, witnessed Gadbury’s transition between majors firsthand.

“We first met when she switched her major from general biology in 2022. She wanted to make a difference in patients’ outcomes but not necessarily interact with them directly. She was eager to learn and excited to come into a program where she felt more aligned with her goals,” said Danielson, “Over time, I’ve watched Jess not only develop a deeper understanding of the medical laboratory, but also grow as a leader and a mentor to her peers.”

Gadbury found her sense of belonging in the MLS program with friendly instructors and a close-knit student community. Even after stepping back into MLS she brought her love of biology with her and became a tutor at the Biological Sciences Learning Center (BLC). Biological Sciences Teaching Professor Brigitte Morin knew Gadbury would be a great fit for the BLC and as an undergraduate teaching assistant for her basic medical lab techniques course.

“From student to employee to teaching assistant, each layer of Jess has unfolded and it’s been exciting to see where her excitement peaks,” said Morin. “Watching her work with my undergraduate students and seeing her light up when they understand a concept makes my day.”

There is no single big moment that defines her time at Michigan Tech, Gadbury said, “For me it’s more of the little things like playing Rock Band IV with all of my friends, going downtown, and getting a coffee after class.”

Riley sits at a study table in the Biology Learning Center working at her laptop.
Riley Stichter has spent a lot of her time at Michigan Tech in the Biology Learning Center as a senior coach.

Stichter found university-level science courses and acclimating to college life challenging at first, but by the end of her freshman year had established a routine and study methods that have carried her through her time at Michigan Tech. 

Morin witnessed Stichter’s resilience through the early challenges. “Riley is incredibly good at compartmentalizing, so each interaction with her has seemed like there was never a care in the world,” Morin said, “However I know that the life of a student-athlete is stressful for many reasons and watching her juggle all those things with grace has been incredible.”

Stichter discovered her strengths and capabilities.“I wouldn’t have anticipated how manageable the curriculum is, or how it really is what you make of it. I’ve been exposed to so many different opportunities because I was able to seek out and balance those activities on top of all the school work I was doing. If I was in high school thinking about the future, that isn’t something I would think I’d be able to do, especially while playing volleyball.”

Where doors were not already open for her, Stichter made windows. As a member of the Pre-Health Association at Tech (PHAT) since her first year of college, she advocated for increased representation of pre-dentistry within the organization. Her advocacy led to creation of sub-committees for each separate discipline within PHAT which Morin said, “allowed for both cohesion and independence amongst all members. Riley took the lead for the pre-dentists, and the rest is history.”

Stichter said she made her small-moment memories watching meteor showers and the northern lights with her teammates. She also worked as a Husky Connect mentor through the Center for Diversity and Inclusion.  “Coming from a diverse background I knew I wanted to be involved in some way but I wasn’t sure how.

Eventually I saw a job posting to be a mentor and I heard I would be able to mentor incoming students from diverse backgrounds, so that really interested me,” said Stichter.

She also got involved as a tutor at the Biological Sciences Learning Center, as those courses came more naturally to her and she wanted to help others gain confidence in their biology skills. Morin, who has worked closely with Stichter through the learning center, said she’s continuously impressed with Stichter’s ability to spread confidence and  genuine positivity.

“Riley has always struck me as someone who is confident, but over the years I’ve seen her come even more into her own and find an empowered sense about her. Riley has become a senior-BLC coach who I can trust and rely on to step in no matter the need. Her steadiness translates to those around her and helps them feel confident, too.”

Brigitte Morin, Teaching Professor, Biological Sciences

Giving Back in Small Ways Makes a Big Impact

Gadbury also joined the co-ed service fraternity Alpha Phi Omega through a friend of a friend as a way to share kindness with her community, campus and chapter. During her time with the organization, which has varied from 10 to 15 members,  members, have volunteered with food pantries, raked leaves for local residents for the annual Make a Difference Day, and regularly cleaned up nails and other metal scraps from Breakers Beach near the north entry of the Keweenaw Waterway.

From serving as a volunteer to working in the service industry, Gadbury’s experiences have given her a realistic approach to changing the world. “Giving people more empathy would help in so many ways,” she said. “Thinking of people outside of your scope. I think living in a small town we can get a very narrow vision. It makes a difference, being more open-minded and empathetic to people that we’re not as familiar with.”

These small interactions sharing kindness with strangers prepared Gadbury for another important career step during her time at Tech, when she attended the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Sciences conference in Appleton, Wisconsin. 

“Now I am very deliberate in going out of my comfort zone,” said Gadbury, “I realize the importance of it now. It is like trying new foods. If you don’t try it, you may never know it is your favorite food.”

Stichter also found opportunities to try new experiences, like volunteering at a free dental clinic near her hometown. The summer after her first year at Tech, she looked up every free clinic in her area and emailed each one until a door opened for her. 

“Do not be afraid to be proactive, whether it’s reaching out to professors about research, looking for volunteer opportunities, or sending mass emails to different organizations,” Stichter said, when asked to share her advice for incoming Huskies. “I have been lucky to receive a lot of amazing opportunities because I’m willing to talk to different people or put myself out there.”

The experience inspired her to choose a path in dentistry, with aspirations to work in the public health sector.

“You never truly know the barriers or what patients are going through until you are able to volunteer in until you volunteer in a community health clinic and see it for yourself,” said Stichter, “I found that really beneficial, especially knowing that it exists within my community, where most dental practices are focused on patients who have a reliable form of transportation and have insurance to pay for it. Not everyone has that.”

What’s Next for Our Students?

Both Gadbury and Stichter have big plans after graduation. 

Gadbury will begin her six-month practicum in Marquette followed by a board certification exam. Once that’s completed she hopes to remain in the Upper Peninsula and find steady employment in a hospital lab. She’s exploring possible specialization in microbiology or moving up in management for her long-term career goals. 

Michigan Tech Medical Laboratory Science Program Coordinator Sarah LewAllen said Gadbury always stood out as exceptionally inclusive and welcoming. 

“Over time, I’ve gotten to know Jess better through conversations in my lab courses and in passing. My connection with Jess is meaningful because she is someone I can wholeheartedly trust,” said LewAllen. “She is by far one of the most participative students I have ever had the pleasure of teaching. She is an excellent springboard for discussions in class because she isn’t afraid to say something wrong.”

Stichter’s path after graduation include attending four years of dental school starting in fall 2025. Her long-term goal is to work in public health, ideally at a federally qualified health center. 

Kemmy Taylor, Pre-Health Programs director, said Stichter demonstrates how students focused on health-related careers can thrive at Michigan Tech. 

“Riley’s growth as a future dentist highlights the expanding role of health professions at Michigan Tech. She is a shining example of the high-caliber students we are proud to cultivate here, and I do not doubt that her future in dentistry will be defined by the same compassion and dedication to helping others that she has shown throughout her time here,” said Taylor.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Sound Girls Student Org Creates Spooky Short Film Based on Silent Found Footage

Black and white. Sound Girls student members run down a hallway chasing fellow student Jos Olson towards the camera in this still from the groups’ short film.
Sound Girls members get involved on both sides of the camera for their spooky short film Creeping Up with the Sound Ghouls

CAUTION: The following content contains the actual, unedited transcript of the Michigan Tech’s Sound Girls chapter executive board meeting recorded in October 2024. 

Vice President Jos Olson: “Do you want to pull up the found footage?”

President Vanessa Dulong: “Yes.”

Olson: “I love how we say ‘found footage’ as if it is real found ghost footage.”

Secretary Jack Summers: “It’s not?”

Dulong: “Well, it’s found in our Google Drive.”

Summers: “Are you telling me it’s not real?”

Olson: “No, it’s very real, you’re right.”

The mysterious footage these Sound Girls refer to was discovered in an abandoned corner of the student organization’s shared Google Drive. The footage’s exact origin is unknown, although the group has their theories.

“Maybe the original sound girls in 2019 when it was founded had the idea of doing a horror movie short film. We found this, and it never got finished.” said sound design student Vanessa Dulong ’25.

The footage is reminiscent of an old silent film; black and white, dimly lit and with no sound. It depicts a former student looking around as if she has heard something. She wanders through the McArdle Theatre and the halls and stairways of Walker and the Rozsa Performing Arts Center alone, searching for a sound we can’t hear. The mysterious sound leads the now frantic student to a door which opens on its own. The lights flick off, and when they come back on we see the student scream. Lights flicker on and off as she covers her ears, then falls to the ground, writhing in pain and surrounded by a circle of speakers playing an unknown sound.

This footage inspired the Sound Girls to try a new take on their annual sound finals project. All Michigan Tech sound students and organizations have the opportunity to present projects from the fall semester each year. 

“It also serves as a celebration of student work throughout the semester,” said sound design student Jack Summers ’25. 

Most organizations create a Powerpoint slide show and describe their projects, but the Sound Girls take their final presentations to the next level.
“A couple of years ago I had the idea of doing a music video and a song, and that’s what we would show to just be a little bit cooler than the other orgs. And it worked, everybody was into it!” said Dulong, “This semester we’re taking on a spookier kind of vibe because we found this footage.”

Jos Olson reprises his role as the lead Sound Girls character in Creeping Up with the Sound Ghouls, this year’s spooky companion piece to last year’s project, Keeping Up with the Sound Girls.

This year’s project is a short film called Creeping Up with the Sound Ghouls. The film depicts Sound Girls watching the disturbing found footage in one of their meetings. As more and more members fall prey to the siren song, they call an original Sound Girl for help. The founding member character reveals the dark past of a silly project that took a turn for the worse. Unfortunately for our current Sound Girls, they have already unleashed an earworm that will zombify their entire group one by one.

The earworm in the film makes use of an inside joke; the song Get Lucky by Daft Punk, which the real-life Sound Girls have heard far too many times as their sound test song. As group members are zombified by the song, only Jos is immune thanks to his headphones, or is lucky enough to be out of the room when the song is played. The final scenes of the short film echo some of the old Sound Girls footage found on Google Drive, an homage to their founding members.

The biggest mystery of this project may be why a group called Sound Girls created a film based on silent footage. “Yes, we’re called Sound Girls but we want to make sure that we’re covering just media in general,” explained audio production and technology student Jos Olson ’26. “While, yes, sound is super important and it is what we do, we also want to make sure that there are other aspects involved and people are getting hands-on experience.”

Last year the organization produced Keeping Up with the Sound Girls, a single mock episode parodying reality TV show tropes set during their group meetings. This year’s short film is a larger scale project featuring actors, video editors, sound editors and original compositions from the nearly 20 students involved with Sound Girls. Several new members joined the organization because this project gave them the opportunity to learn from their fellow students. 

“We’re trying to get the entire org involved,” said Olson, “There are a couple of new members that really want to get hands-on camera experience so we’re helping them learn how to do that.”

Creeping Up with the Sound Ghouls will be shown along with many other projects during the sound finals presentation Dec. 13. It will also soon be available on the Sound Girls’ YouTube channel.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

CSA Students Observe Climate Issues and Initiatives  at United Nations Conference

A large three-dimensional sign saying #COP29 stands in front of a green interior wall. The wall above the sign reads, “In solidarity for a Green World”.
Four Huskies attended the United Nations Climate Change Conference, also known as COP 29, in Baku, Azerbaijan.

For the fifth year, Huskies attended the United Nations Climate Change Conference to observe the world’s only multilateral decision-making forum on climate change, also known as COP 29. COP 29 stands for the 29th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a landmark international treaty agreed in 1992, and parent treaty to the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Lexi Tater stands in front of an exterior glass arch, a sign which reads, “COP29 Baku Azerbaijan.”
Lexi Tater was one of two students who observed COP29 in Azerbaijan.
A few hundred attendees attend an indoor panel discussion at COP29.
Around 40,000 registered participants attend the United Nations Climate Change Conference each year.

Michigan Tech was granted observer status in 2019 after a year-long admittance process, and has sent students and faculty to every COP held since. Around 40,000 registered participants attend the conference each year. Entry to the U.N.-regulated Blue Zone offers Michigan Technological University students the opportunity of a lifetime to observe negotiations and connect with global policymakers. 

The conference took place November 11 to 22. Chemistry professor emerita Sarah Green and social sciences interim chair Mark Rouleau accompanied PhD candidate Jessica Czarnecki and Lexi Tater ’25, who is studying for a master’s degree in sustainable communities, to Baku, Azerbaijan for the event. 

COP29 brought together world leaders and negotiators from the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) from around the globe. Business leaders, young people, climate scientists, Indigenous Peoples, and civil society shared insights and best practices to strengthen global, collective, and inclusive climate action.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Visual and Performing Arts Student wins Audio Engineering Society Recording Competition

Thirteen students stand with assistant professor Jeff Sherwood in front of a large hanging AES Show banner at the student recording competition.
Michigan Tech VPA students attended the 2024 Audio Engineering Society International Student Recording Competition in New York City in October. (Images courtesy Michigan Tech Visual and Performing Arts)

Sound design student Nate Lyons ’25 brought home a Bronze Award in the Audio Engineering Society (AES) International Student Recording Competition. Lyons won the award in the Sound for Visual Media category for his sound design audio replacement of a video game. 

“I got the idea from one of my other classes where I was learning how to program sounds for video games. I wanted to use this as an opportunity to practice that skill with the programs that we use for video game sound design,” said Lyons.

Students have an opportunity to attend and present at the international AES convention in New York City as part of VPA career development and professional presentation travel and study away courses. This is the second year in a row sound design and audio production and technology students from Michigan Tech’s VPA have received awards in the prestigious international competition.

Lyons’ project included atmospheric sound design, sound effects, and music for the video game Celeste. To create it, he removed all existing sound for the game and programmed his own.

“The game itself is very dream-like and ethereal and it deals with a lot of mental health struggles. I wanted to evoke a very dream-like, ethereal feel because I feel like that matches not only the landscape of the game but the themes of mental health and anxiety,” said Lyons.

The submission was comprehensive, with sounds for everything from background music to character death to what players hear when they press the play and pause buttons. Lyons’ creative process used a range of techniques, combining synthesizing technologies like Vital Synth with old school Foley work, and made use of skills from music composition and electronic music classes. All of the sounds were grounded in the landscape and themes of the game.

Lyons was originally planning to study computer science, but his parents urged him to apply his interest in theater and sound to one of his other passions; video games. Michigan Tech offered him the perfect opportunity to combine those interests.

“I love video games. It’s why I came to Michigan Tech. The Husky Game Enterprise was a big selling point to me. It was a great decision and I am really happy I made it,” said Lyons.

Nate Lyons stands in front of a projector screen at the AES conference. The message on the screen congratulates him on winning the Student Recording competition.
 Sound design student Nate Lyons ’25 brought home a Bronze Award in the Audio Engineering Society (AES) International Student Recording Competition for his sound design audio replacement of a video game.

“One of my favorite effects was playing with a sample of glass shattering. It has a very pretty, twinkly sound but also kind of a slight anxiety to it,” said Lyons. 

Lyon’s project was chosen as one of two Michigan Tech submissions in his category out of half-dozen student projects. He was humbled and excited by the selection. While working on his submission, Lyons enlisted critiques from Tech alum, VPA sound mixing instructor and video game sound designer Steve Green ’14. 

“It was unreal to even be a finalist,” Lyons said. “It is insane to me that I did that. I feel really accomplished. I am really thankful for all the professors here who I talked to and gave me feedback and critiques, who helped me polish it to make it much better.”

Lyons was one of several students who attended and presented at the AES convention, led by assistant professor Jeff Sherwood (VPA). The weeklong study away experience included networking with Grammy-winning and Academy-winning professionals at the convention. Students had a curated experience including private meetups with AV consulting and acoustics firms, facility tours, backstage tours and shadow opportunities, Broadway and other live productions, sightseeing, and Michigan Tech VPA alumni meetups for students to form industry connections as they launch their careers.

“Knowing that there are going to be professionals looking at my work and critiquing it in front of me is terrifying, said Lyons, “But it was very nice, especially because a lot of the people from Michigan Tech showed up to watch my presentation. Which was very nice because there were very limited seats, but the fact that they all got there early enough and watched and were very kind was amazing.”

Though Lyons was blown away by his own victory and struggled to articulate why his project stood out, the AES judges had no trouble giving positive feedback.

“One of the things that the three judges in New York said was that it really made them feel like they were playing games again. The sound design reminded them of games they would play when they were kids, which was really nice to hear,” Lyons said.

The award winner’s prize includes audio software from Bettermaker, Empirical Labs and Eventide.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Husky Preserves Indigenous Language as Voice Actor in Ojibwe Star Wars Dub

Kalvin Hartwig stands in a sound-proofed recording studio in front of a computer, microphone and recording equipment as he records lines for his voice acting role.
Michigan Tech alumnus Niigaanii-Animikii Inini Kalvin Hartwig ’10 brings his mission of supporting Indigenous language to new heights as one of the main cast voice actors in the Ojibwe dubbing of Star Wars: A New Hope.

Michigan Tech alumnus Niigaanii-Animikii Inini Kalvin Hartwig ’10 continues his career-long dedication to supporting Indigenous language and cultural revitalization as one of the main cast voice actors in an Ojibwe dubbing of Star Wars: A New Hope

Hartwig is an award-winning filmmaker, a member of the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, and a Tech graduate in social sciences, humanities and German. He voices the Red Leader character, originally played by the late Gordan “Drewe” Henley in the dub, which began streaming on Disney+ on Oct. 27. 

Read more about Hartwig’s passion for the project, how he got involved, and the recording process in the full feature by Jordan Shawhan,  Husky Makes History with Voice Role in Ojibwe Dubbing of Star Wars, at Michigan Tech Alumni Stories.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Bell Gives Voice to the History of Talking Machines in Nationally Recognized Book

The cover of Vox Ex Machina: A Cultural History of Talking Machines by Sarah Bell

Sarah Bell, associate professor of digital media in the College of Science and Arts gained national recognition recently when her book Vox Ex Machina was listed on the New Yorker’s “Best Books We’ve Read This Week.” The book details the development of key voice synthesis technologies across the 20th century and factors that influenced their creation.

Bell’s exploration of the topic goes far deeper than a simple history of how these technologies were created, also exploring public response to the tech and asking whether talking machines are good for us.

“We were already primed for voice assistants before Siri and Alexa, but that doesn’t mean they work very well for us.”

Sarah Bell

Vox Ex Machina is as much about the people creating and using voice synthesis as it is about the technology itself, and this research concept began very close to home for Bell.

“I became interested in voice synthesis because of my kids, who, as teenagers, were using voice synthesis software to create music,” she said. “This was before Siri. I was interested in how this group of American kids related to the Japanese character of the software and expressed themselves through its voice.”

Sarah Bell, author of Vox Ex Machina
Sarah Bell, author of Vox Ex Machina

The original concept has gone through several iterations, originally as Bell’s PhD dissertation. Rather than explore the use of voice synthesis in music, Vox Ex Machina ultimately focuses on broader consumer deployments of voice synthesis.

“I study sociotechnical systems, usually from a historical perspective, and I tend to be interested in technologies when they are introduced to a consumer market. At that point they are rarely the ‘ideal’ that early developers had in mind,” said Bell.

Bell was “stunned” at the book’s mention in the New Yorker’s “Best Books” list, and delighted when historian Jill Lepore discussed it in her article about chatbots earlier this month.

“She’s one of my favorite writers, so I’m still pinching myself that she liked the book,” Bell said.


The College of Sciences and Arts is a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for a technological world. Our teacher-scholar model is a foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees in biological sciences, chemistry, humanities, kinesiology and Integrative physiology, mathematical sciences, physics, psychology and human factors, social sciences, and visual and performing arts. We are home to Michigan Tech’s pre-health professions and ROTC programs. The College offers 24 graduate degrees and certificates. We conduct approximately $12 million in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on FacebookInstagramLinkedIn,  X and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Physicist’s Search for a New Project Leads to Discovery and Publication

View of the HAWC Observatory with mountains in the background
Data from the HAWC Observatory, shown here, was central to the research project. (Image credit: Jordan Goodman/HAWC Collaboration)

When postdoctoral scholar Xiaojie Wang of the Michigan Technological University Physics Department went looking for her next research topic, she found a previously unexplored region and a path to publication.

Wang is lead corresponding author of the article, “Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Bubble around Microquasar V4641 Sgr” recently published in Nature journal. The findings highlighted in the article offer new insights into how microquasars might contribute to the cosmic-ray energy spectrum—a long-standing puzzle in astrophysics.

“While reviewing the sky maps in search of my next project, I noticed a region five degrees away from our galactic plane with bright emissions that had not been visible in previous datasets,” said Wang, who works with Petra Huentemeyer, a distinguished professor of physics at Michigan Tech. “No gamma-ray source has been identified nor analyzed in this region—so I seized the opportunity and led the analysis.”

Xiaojie Wang
Xiaojie Wang, who describes the project as both groundbreaking and challenging, relied on collaboration with the close-knit physics community, including other researchers from Michigan Tech.

Huentemeyer’s group focuses on high-energy astrophysical phenomena and low-level data analysis at the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-ray Observatory (HAWC). The map that caught Wang’s attention was produced by Dezhi Huang, a ’23 Michigan Tech alumnus and previous graduate student in Huentemeyer’s group. Huang was responsible for producing the maps from newly available datasets. Now a postdoc at the University of Maryland, Dezhi continues to work closely with HAWC.

“I shared the discovery with Dezhi and Dr. Huentemeyer, and we were all excited about the potential significance of this new source, especially since no other gamma-ray instruments had reported it. This made the project both groundbreaking and challenging,” said Wang.

“Dr. Huentemeyer has been very supportive, and with the guidance of Dezhi’s current supervisor, Dr. Jordan Goodman, they have contributed greatly to the project’s success,” said Wang. “My role has been central in analyzing the HAWC data, interpreting the results, and collaborating with colleagues from UM-Madison and the Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences. Together, we’ve worked to better understand the high-energy emissions from this fascinating source. This project provides new insights into particle acceleration mechanisms in binary systems, and I’m thrilled to have played a key role in this groundbreaking research.”

High-Energy Emissions from a Newly Sighted Microquasar

Wang said the most exciting aspect of the results is the discovery of ultra-high-energy gamma-ray emissions from the microquasar V4641 Sgr. “Microquasars are systems where a black hole or neutron star is pulling material from a nearby star, creating intense radiation and shooting out jets of particles at nearly the speed of light. They’re smaller versions of quasars but still incredibly powerful,” Wang explained. “This is something no other gamma-ray instruments had detected before and marks a major leap in our understanding, as V4641 Sgr is now the first microquasar to show emissions above 200 TeV.” TeV is the abbreviation for teraelectronvolts, a unit of energy equal to one trillion electron volts.

Wang said the discovery pushes the boundaries of what is known about particle acceleration in such systems. “The fact that we detected this using HAWC’s unique capabilities—its wide field of view and continuous sky monitoring—raises new questions about how particles are accelerated in extreme environments like this one,” she said.

Wang said a peanut-shaped emission region researchers observed was another surprising aspect of the findings. “When we analyzed the two parts of this shape, we found nearly identical energy spectra, which strongly suggests they share a common origin—likely the jets or lobes of the microquasar. The photon energies are incredibly high, exceeding 200 TeV, challenging existing models of particle acceleration in microquasars and opening new possibilities for understanding these systems.”

The most current discovery follows previous revelations, including HAWC’s detection of the first discovered microquasar, SS 433, in 2018. That discovery was also led by a Michigan Tech physics research group.

Tracing the Trajectory of the Study

The study started with data from HAWC, the gamma-ray observatory that continuously scans the sky to pick up signals from objects in space, including cosmic rays. When the rays reach Earth’s atmosphere they collide with particles in the atmosphere and create showers of smaller particles known as EAS, or extensive air showers. “Our detectors—large tanks filled with pure water—capture the “Cherenkov lights” produced by these particle showers,” said Wang. “By recording the time and charges, and using advanced techniques like neural networks, we can figure out the type, direction, and energy of the original particles. Once all this is done, tools developed by our team at HAWC help create sky maps, showing where the signals came from and how strong they are. The people responsible for making these maps in HAWC are called map-makers, and Dezhi is one of them.”

Discovering a region in the sky where no gamma-ray studies had been conducted was both exhilarating and challenging. “I applied different statistical models to get a better understanding of the region, estimating how powerful the signal might be. I also spent a significant amount of time searching for possible counterparts—other objects or signals detected in wavelengths like radio, X-ray, and infrared. After carefully reviewing all available data, the microquasar V4641 Sgr emerged as the most likely source responsible for the emissions,” said Wang.

She noted that collaboration was crucial throughout the process. Researchers worked closely with theoretical experts including Huang, Brenda Dingus and Goodman, from the University of Maryland; Ke Fang from the University of Wisconsin-Madison; and Sabrina Casanova from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences sharing data and insights to refine their interpretations.

Wang was recently a guest on the Nature podcast. Listen to the episode “Star-eating black hole could power cosmic particle accelerator.

“Our findings highlight how collaborative efforts and cutting-edge observational tools can push the frontiers of astrophysics,” said Wang. “But we definitely encountered a few surprises and challenges along the way.”

One of the biggest surprises was the extreme energy of the gamma-ray emissions from the microquasar. Wang said it forced researchers to rethink their understanding of how particles are accelerated and transported in such systems. “On the challenge side, the complexity of the emission region was a major obstacle,” she said. Researchers needed more data in order to confidently determine the best-fit statistical model for the peanut-shaped emission. “The HAWC outrigger array—an upgrade to the current detector—or the future SWGO observatory could provide the additional data needed.”

Impact of the Findings Now and In the Future

“Our findings contribute a new piece to the cosmic-ray puzzle, offering valuable insights into how particles are energized and transported across vast distances,” said Wang. “Understanding these processes is crucial not only for advancing astrophysics but also for unraveling the origins of cosmic rays, which have intrigued scientists for over a century.

“While we don’t see immediate real-world applications, the discoveries we make could have long-term and unforeseen impacts. Often, breakthroughs in basic science lead to technological innovations in surprising and unpredictable ways.”

– Xiaojie Wang, Michigan Tech physicist

Next steps for the research include more detailed physical modeling of V4641 Sgr’s emissions, using multi-wavelength data from X-ray, radio, and gamma-ray observatories. “I successfully proposed follow-up observations with the APEX radio telescope in Chile and am now working on another proposal for follow-up observations using NASA and ESA’s X-ray instruments. We also plan to analyze more extensive observation data with the HAWC outrigger array,” said Wang. “These efforts will help refine our understanding of the source’s emission mechanisms and bring us closer to answering long-standing questions about the origins of the universe’s highest-energy particles.”


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts strives to be a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for an increasingly technological world. Our teacher-scholar model provides the foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees and 25 graduate degrees and certificates. The College conducts approximately $12,000,000 in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Five Alumni Inducted Into College of Sciences and Arts Academy

From left, Leann Nitschke, Carly Robinson, Ping Yang, CSA Dean LaReesa Wolfenbarger, Gary Karicky, and Kimberly Hilton
at the College of Sciences and Arts Academy induction ceremony on Sept. 19. (Image courtesy Kelly Steelman).

Earlier this fall, the Michigan Tech College of Sciences and Arts (CSA) gathered to celebrate the induction of five remarkable and accomplished alumni into the CSA Academy.

Dean LaReesa Wolfenbarger hosted the ceremony honoring these alumni and their contributions to a better tomorrow, which run the gamut from advancing scientific discovery to serving the nation and their communities through defense readiness, healthcare, education, and public engagement.

This year’s CSA Academy inductees are Kimberly Hilton; Gary A. Karicky M.D.; Leann Nitschke, M.D.; Carly Robinson; and Ping Yang.

Kimberly Hilton, '91
Kimberly Hilton, ’91

Hilton, a professor of chemistry at Southwestern Florida State College, is a distinguished science education influencer known as Chemical Kim. Hilton, who makes frequent media and TV appearances, has amassed a following of millions on social media platforms including TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube. Chemical Kim is dedicated to enhancing chemistry education at community colleges and high schools, leveraging technology in science education, and fostering inclusion within the field. Hilton, who earned a BS in chemistry and secondary education certification at Michigan Tech in 1991, was featured in the 2024 issue of Tech Magazine.

Learn more about Hilton in her Michigan Tech Alumni profile.


Gary Krasicky, ’77
Gary Krasicky, ’77

Dr. Gary Krasicky, M.D., graduated from Michigan Tech with high honors, earning a BS in chemistry in 1977. Krasicky went on to complete his studies at the University of Michigan Medical School, where he took specialty training in radiology and nuclear medicine before a four-year Air Force tour as chief of nuclear medicine at Malcolm Grow USAF Medical Center in the Washington, DC area. A Michigan Tech Alumni Board of Managers member from 1982-86, Krasicky entered private practice in 1990, starting a nuclear medicine service at Inova Fairfax Hospital in the radiology practice at Fairfax Radiological Consultants in Northern Virginia. He served as director and radiation safety officer until his retirement in 2004.
Learn more about Krasicky in his Michigan Tech Alumni profile.


Leann Nitschke, ’84
Leann Nitschke, ’84

Dr. Leann Nitschke, M.D., graduated from Michigan Tech in 1984 with a BS in biological sciences. She and fellow ’84 alum Matthew Nitschke married three weeks after graduation and were together for nearly 31 years before Matthew’s passing in 2015. 

She joined the Army National Guard in 1987, serving as a company commander and assistant state surgeon/acting deputy commander of the Illinois state health directorate.

Nitschke earned her M.D. from the Medical College of Wisconsin in 1988 and a master’s of business administration from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst in 2004. After completing her general surgery residency in 1994, Nitschke became board-certified in general surgery, a fellow of the American College of Surgeons, a certified physician executive, and a fellow in the American College of Physician Executives.

Nitschke entered private practice in Effingham, Illinois, serving as chief of surgery and chief of staff. She was on active duty from 2003-2008 at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, DC, and Fort Drum, New York.

Nitschke retired as a soldier in 2008 with the rank of colonel and entered civil service as a Department of the Army civilian employee. Her civil service career started at Fort Drum, New York as medical director of the Warrior Transition Unit and Medical Evaluation Board service. Next, she served at Fort Carson, Colorado as director of the integrated disability evaluation service, and then at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, Washington as a physician adjudicator for the Physical Evaluation Board. During her tenure at Fort Carson, she served as a member of Rapid Process Improvement / Lean Six Sigma project combining assets from the Veterans Benefit Administration (VBA), Veterans Healthcare Administration (VHA), and Department of Defense (DoD) to develop, test, and fully implement the new integrated disability evaluation process which became the standard across the Army and Veteran Affairs.
Learn more about Nitschke in her Michigan Tech Alumni profile.


Carly Robinson, ’07
Carly Robinson, ’07

Dr. Carly Robinson graduated from Michigan Tech in 2007 with a BS in applied physics. Robinson is the assistant director for information products and services in the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information. She leads multiple teams, including those overseeing the management of DOE research and development (R&D) search tools; curating DOE-funded R&D results and associated information; and providing persistent identifier services for DOE and other federal agencies. Robinson was an AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow in both the U.S. Senate and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. Robinson continues to co-author publications on open science practices and gives invited talks in the US and internationally about open science.
Learn more about Robinson in her Michigan Tech Alumni profile.


Ping Yang, ’05
Ping Yang, ’05

Dr. Ping Yang earned her PhD in chemistry at Michigan Tech in 2005. The deputy director of the G.T. Seaborg Institute for Transactinium Science and a staff scientist in the Physics and Chemistry of Materials group of the Theoretical Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Yang has extensive experience in computational approaches to modeling electronic structure and reactivity of actinides, surface chemistry, and nanomaterials in solution environments. She has published more than 140 papers and given over 90 invited presentations.

Learn more about Yang in her Michigan Tech Alumni profile

The inductees join a distinguished group of alumni selected as members of the Michigan Technological University Academies. The honor acknowledges their extraordinary achievements as educators, mentors, catalysts, visionaries, and creators that personify the University’s commitment to excellence.

Inductees, nominated by current and emeritus faculty, are selected by consensus based on noteworthy, impactful accomplishments including exemplary public service, outstanding leadership in civic affairs, leading-edge professional performance, and other outstanding contributions to the growth and development of their disciplines within the University and throughout the world.

About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts strives to be a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for an increasingly technological world. Our teacher-scholar model provides the foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees and 25 graduate degrees and certificates. The College conducts approximately $12,000,000 in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedInX and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Statewide Billboard Campaign, Michigan Words, Features Michigan Tech Associate Professor

One of M. Bartley Seigel’s billboards along US Highway 41 between Negaunee and Marquette.

If you’re traveling through Escanaba, Marquette, Flint, or the metro Detroit area, keep an eye out for a familiar Michigan Tech Humanities Department faculty member. M. Bartley Seigel will be hard to miss. He’s larger than life thanks to Michigan Words, a statewide billboard campaign celebrating contemporary Michigan poets.

A meta moment: M. Bartley Seigel snags a roadside selfie.

The billboards are the capstone project of state of Michigan Poet Laureate, Nandi Comer, who was recently awarded an Academy of American Poets (Mellon Foundation) fellowship in support of her work—Seigel is also a former recipient of this prestigious fellowship. The project also features the work of poets Brittany Rogers, of Detroit, and Jonah Mixon-Webster, of Flint.

How does it feel to be featured on billboards? “Weird and wonderful,” said Seigel. “Being on billboards along Michigan highways is not where I ever expected to find my work, nor my giant face. It’s one of life’s pleasant absurdities. I’m really grateful to Nandi and the Library of Michigan for including me, and I hope it helps bring new and unexpected readers to the magic of poetry.”

Seigel is an associate professor of creative writing and literature in the Department of Humanities, director of the Michigan Tech Writing Center, and faculty advisor to the Michigan Tech Lode, the oldest student organization on campus. His latest poetry collection, In the Bone-Cracking Cold, is forthcoming from Wayne State University Press in March 2025. The 2021-22 Poet Laureate of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, Seigel is a long-time advocate for creative writing projects on campus, as well as at the local, state, and national levels, especially in support of emerging and underrepresented writers.


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts strives to be a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for an increasingly technological world. Our teacher-scholar model provides the foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees and 25 graduate degrees and certificates. The College conducts approximately $12,000,000 in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on FacebookInstagramLinkedIn,  X and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.

Abe Stone: Making a Difference and Making Headlines

Undergraduate researcher Abe Stone records inoculation data in his notebook.

Michigan Tech undergraduate researcher Abe Stone has been garnering headlines for his work. The ecology and evolutionary biology major demonstrates the adage that science isn’t done until it’s communicated. He also illustrates how the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program helps students conduct impactful interdisciplinary research.

Stone was most recently quoted by The Cool Down in a story about SuperPurp, his unconventional fungus-based treatment aimed at controlling the spread of invasive buckthorn trees that threaten to engulf forest landscapes in the Midwest. The story referenced the research’s debut on Michigan Tech’s Unscripted Research Blog, and was picked up by Yahoo! News. Stone was also interviewed by ABC-10 in Marquette.

Stone was a guest on the Mushroom Revival podcast in June to talk about his research journey to Michigan Tech, where he worked to develop a sprayable fungus as a more efficient way to propagate chondrostereum purpureum, the pathogen that causes silverleaf disease in trees. Nicknamed SuperPurp and developed in the College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science’s forest microbiology lab, it’s a locally sourced chemical-free alternative to control buckthorn that could help to slow the spread of invasive buckthorn without harming nearby species.

Stone received the 2024 Provost’s Award for Scholarship. He was recognized for both exceptional academic success and his depth of research involvement.

Stone, a state-certified expert in mushroom identification, has been communicating his research and sharing information to help others understand issues surrounding native species almost since he arrived at Tech. Back on Aug. 12, 2022, Stone was interviewed by Michigan Daily for a column about morality and philosophy surrounding invasive species. And, along with other students he has worked with one of his advisors, Sigrid Resh, coordinator of to Keweenaw Invasive Species Management Area (KISMA), to co-author articles for the Houghton Daily Mining Gazette that help citizens identify and help to address invasive species in their own backyard.

The Institute will run for one year, beginning in January 2025. It will operate virtually throughout the year and also includes an immersive, two-week on-site component that will take place at Michigan Tech in July 2025.

Winner of the 2024 Provost’s Award for Scholarship, Stone has been a principal investigator (PI) on six awarded proposals and was a co-PI on a Michigan Space Consortium Grant. His most recent research adventures have taken him to Isle Royale. The recipient of the Garden Club of America Joan K. Hunt and Rachel M. Hunt Summer Scholarship in Field Botany, Stone surveyed invasive yellow hawkweeds encroaching on the island’s unique bedrock glades. His 2024 Undergraduate Research and Scholarship Symposium entry “A Botanical and Ecological Profile of Isle Royale’s Invasive Hawkweed Complex,” earned an excellence in presentation acknowledgement.

As Stone shares his research, he also shares his proactive approach to the challenges posed by invasive species. “There are few miracle fixes in the world, so when we are presented with no alternative other than working on the stuff in our own backyards, then we have to take what we are given and make the most of it.”


About the College of Sciences and Arts

The College of Sciences and Arts strives to be a global center of academic excellence in the sciences, humanities, and arts for an increasingly technological world. Our teacher-scholar model provides the foundation for experiential learning, innovative research and scholarship, and civic leadership. The College offers 33 bachelor’s degrees and 25 graduate degrees and certificates. The College conducts approximately $12,000,000 in externally funded research in health and wellness, sustainability and resiliency, and the human-technology frontier.

Follow the College on FacebookInstagramLinkedIn,  X and the CSA blog. Questions? Contact us at csa@mtu.edu.